Factors influencing the long‐term hospitalization of bicyclists and motorcyclists with oral and maxillofacial injuries

Abstract

Background/Aim Because bicyclists and motorcyclists with oral and maxillofacial injuries often suffer from disabilities requiring long‐term treatment, reducing the severity of such injuries is a valuable objective for improving these people's quality of life (QOL). The aims of this study were, first, to present the prevalence and patterns of oral and maxillofacial injuries of bicyclists and motorcyclists and to compare the features of these injuries and, second, to determine the factors contributing to long‐term hospitalization for these patients and to propose effective preventive measures. Material and Methods This was a single‐center retrospective analysis. Hospital records from 2011 through 2018 were reviewed for all patients who had sustained oral and maxillofacial injuries in bicycle or motorcycle collisions and had presented at a university hospital which was the only hospital in the region attended 24 hours per day by oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Characteristics of the oral and maxillofacial injuries, injury severity, and factors influencing the length of hospitalization were examined. Results Records of 130 patients (82 bicyclists and 48 motorcyclists) with a mean age of 28.0 years were analyzed. Thirty‐three patients (25.4%) had maxillofacial fractures, with 41 fracture lines while 103 patients (79.2%) had dental injuries and 57 patients (43.8%) had soft‐tissue injuries. The distribution and prevalence of oral and maxillofacial injuries were similar for bicyclists and motorcyclists. However, motorcyclists had significantly higher Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) scores for facial injuries and the maximum AIS score than did bicyclists. According to a multiple regression analysis, the number of fracture lines and the requirement for intermaxillary fixation were independent factors influencing long‐term hospitalization (standard regression coefficients: 6.795 and 6.715, respectively; P < .001). Conclusions The number of fracture lines and the use of intermaxillary fixation were independent factors influencing long‐term hospitalization of both bicyclists and motorcyclists with oral and maxillofacial injuries.

Psychiatric symptoms and pain in maxillofacial injury following motor vehicle accidents: A comparative study

“…Patients with cosmetic defects had higher scores of PTSD-related depression at different times. [30][31][32][33] In the present study, MFI significantly increased the likelihood of pain compared to the N-MFI group. Previous studies also reported severe pain from these types of injuries, which is one of the primary determinants of overall human function.…”

“…A similar study reported that the recovery time from depression after MFI, which had only functional defects, was shorter compared with injuries with cosmetic defects. Patients with cosmetic defects had higher scores of PTSD‐related depression at different times 30–33 …”

Traumatic maxillofacial injuries: Patterns, outcomes, and long‐term follow‐up of a military cohort

“…These may be overlooked or disregarded due to the severity of the facial injuries 12 . Finally, the long‐term outcomes of MFI include substantial morbidity, deformity, loss of function, and high treatment cost 13,14 …”

“…However, understanding the prevalence, etiology, severity, and temporal distribution of MFI in trauma may dictate efforts to reduce the burden of these injuries. Although the complexity of MFI management in the short‐term aftermath of the injury has been thoroughly documented, data on the long‐term disabilities and implications of maxillofacial trauma are limited 13,14 . The aim of this study was to characterize the patterns, associated injuries, and complications among a cohort of Israel Defense Forces (IDF) soldiers who suffered maxillofacial trauma along the continuum of care from pre‐hospital management through the hospital stay and long‐term follow‐up.…”

“…12 Finally, the long-term outcomes of MFI include substantial morbidity, deformity, loss of function, and high treatment cost. 13,14 In the military setting, the incidence and proportion of MFI have risen, potentially owing to changes in injury mechanisms during modern conflicts along with improved protective trunk equipment, increasing the rate of MFI and the survivability of military trauma. 1,15 The nature and distribution of combat-related MFI vary widely according to the characteristics of armed conflict and combatant roles.…”