Factors influencing the shedding of verocytotoxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157 by beef suckler cows

Synge, BA; Chase-Topping, Margo; Hopkins, GF; McKendrick, I. J.; Thomson-Carter, Fiona M.; Gray, Derek; Rusbridge, S.M.; Munro, F.; Foster, Geoffrey; Gunn, George J.

doi:10.1017/s0950268802008208

Cited by 76 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…4 However, little is known about the reason for ''super-shedding'' and factors that may reduce the CFU/g excretion, but various feeds and the presence of other animal species have been suggested. 13,14 The superior fit of the proportion of positives dependent logistic regression model over one that depended on the VTEC CFU/g was unexpected; the VTEC CFU/g is likely to have a large influence over the probability of successful culture, although clearly there will be a correlation between the 2 models. There is, however, uncertainty in the measurement of the CFU/g by the spiral plating method, 11 which could have influenced the fit of the model to the data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into the Effectiveness of Pooled Fecal Samples for Detection of Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia Coli O157 in Cattle

Arnold¹,

Ellis‐Iversen

Cook

et al. 2008

J VET Diagn Invest

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (VTEC O157) may cause severe illness in people. Cattle are regarded as an important source of VTEC O157, and in an outbreak investigation, there is a necessity to establish whether or not the putative contact herd shares infection with the human case. The effectiveness of a herd investigation is impacted by the number of samples required, which will influence the time taken to collect samples and then process these in the laboratory. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of pooled sampling for detecting VTEC O157 in cattle herds in the United Kingdom. On farm 1, 150 individual fecal samples were collected during the course of a VTEC O157 outbreak investigation. One-gram and 10-g subsamples were tested from each individual sample. Once the culture results of the individual sample were known, pools comprising 5 and 10 individual samples were formed, with each pool containing a known number of positive samples. This data showed that the sensitivity of pooled sampling depended upon the proportion of positive samples in the pool. Further samples were collected from 2 more infected farms (2 and 3). Each individual sample was tested in duplicate. Pools of 5 feces were formed onfarm, and half the number of pooled feces were tested as individual feces. There was no significant difference between the number of cultures required for pooled sampling, as was the same for individual sampling, and therefore pooling did not improve the effectiveness of detection of VTEC O157.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into the Effectiveness of Pooled Fecal Samples for Detection of Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia Coli O157 in Cattle

Arnold¹,

Ellis‐Iversen

Cook

et al. 2008

J VET Diagn Invest

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cattle are regarded as the main animal reservoir for VTEC O157 (9,15,24), but the organism has also been recovered from a range of other domesticated animals, including sheep, goats, pigs, horses, and dogs (23); free-ranging deer (19,20); zoo animals (4); rodents (2); and flies (2,9). Among avian species, VTEC O157 has been reported to be present in broiler chickens (8), turkeys (11), and wild birds, including seagulls (25) and geese (22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, small garden birds have acquired the habit of searching for food at picnic sites and outdoor restaurants, increasing the potential for transmission of VTEC O157 as well as other enteropathogens between birds and humans. It also is known that VTEC O157 appears and disappears from cattle herds over time (24), and it may be that local bird populations play a role in the spread of the organism between farms and possibly over larger distances due to migratory habits. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Feces Samples Collected from a Wild-Bird Garden Feeding Station in Scotland for the Presence of Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157

Foster¹,

Evans

Knight

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Composite wild bird feces collected at regular intervals from a garden feeding station in southwest Scotland over a 3-year period were examined for verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157. One sample was positive for Escherichia coli O157. The isolate belonged to phage type 21/28 and possessed vtx 2 , eaeA, and enterohemorrhagic E. coli hlyA genes.Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 is particularly prevalent in Scotland, where the majority of infections are sporadic (13). VTEC strains are characterized by the production of one or both of two toxins, Shiga toxin 1 or Shiga toxin 2, which are encoded by the genes vtx 1 and vtx 2 . A subset of VTEC, designated enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), carries the additional virulence genes eae, associated with attachment and effacement of enterocytes in vitro, and hly, which encodes enterohemolysin (3).Direct or indirect contact with animals and their products has been demonstrated to be important in transmission of VTEC O157 in human infections (5,7,10,14). Cattle are regarded as the main animal reservoir for VTEC O157 (9,15,24), but the organism has also been recovered from a range of other domesticated animals, including sheep, goats, pigs, horses, and dogs (23); free-ranging deer (19,20); zoo animals (4); rodents (2); and flies (2, 9). Among avian species, VTEC O157 has been reported to be present in broiler chickens (8), turkeys (11), and wild birds, including seagulls (25) and geese (22). Garden birds represent a group with which the Scottish public has increasing contact, but little is known about the potential impacts on human health that such interactions may cause. This paper is the first longitudinal study of the presence of VTEC O157 in the feces of wild birds visiting a garden feeding station in Scotland.Two hundred thirty-one composite samples of wild-bird feces were collected over a 36-month period from a garden feeding station in a rural setting in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, as previously described (18). Specimens were collected twice weekly and the numbers and species of birds visiting the site recorded (18). The table (60 by 40 cm and 135 cm above the ground) was scraped clean daily to remove uneaten food, husks, and feces and was disinfected only if it was heavily soiled (18). Samples were transported to the laboratory and portions removed for Salmonella and E. coli O86 testing (18). The remainder was immediately frozen at Ϫ20°C and subsequently transferred to Ϫ80°C. Samples for testing were rapidly thawed in a water bath at 50°C before being tested for E. coli O157. Previous trials using spiked feces had demonstrated that E. coli O157 numbers were maintained when subjected to this rapid thaw process following freezing at Ϫ80°C (unpublished findings).One-gram fecal samples were tested using a standard immunomagnetic separation methodology (6) followed by plating on sorbitol MacConkey agar (Oxoid, Basingstoke, United Kingdom) containing cefixime and tellurite (Mast Diagnostics, Bootle, United Kingdom) (CT-SMAC). Non-sorbitol-f...

show abstract

“…Wet or dirty bedding has not been reported as a direct risk factor for E. coli O157 in other cattle populations, but less specific implications have been published. Several studies from Scotland have indicated an increased risk of shedding E. coli O157 if the animals were housed and this effect may be related to the bedding, which accounts for a large proportion of the near-environment of housed young-stock [22]. A similar non-specified association with access to straw was reported by Rugbjerg et al [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Several farm-based studies have been conducted to identify risk factors, which can be targeted by on-farm control measures. Dirty water troughs, presence of other animal species, different feeds and various housing facilities have been reported to effect the risk, but few reports identify similar risk factors and consistent reports are rare [4,11,15,17,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farm practices to controlE. coliO157 in young cattle - A randomised controlled trial

Ellis‐Iversen¹,

Smith²,

Winden

et al. 2007

Vet. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-A randomised controlled trial was used to investigate the effect of three complex management intervention packages to reduce the burden of E. coli O157 in groups of young-stock on cattle farms in England and Wales. All intervention farms were assigned measures to avoid buying in new animals and having direct contact or sharing water sources with other cattle. Furthermore, package A (7 farms) aimed to keep a clean environment and closed groups of young-stock; package B (14 farms) aimed for improved water and feed hygiene, whilst package C was assigned both A and B. The control farms (26 farms) were asked not to alter their practices. Farms, which were assigned intervention package A, exhibited a 48% reduction in E. coli O157 burden over the 4.5 months (average) of observation, compared to 18% on the control farms. The effect of package A compared to the control farms in a crude intention-to-treat model was RR = 0.26 (p = 0.122). When the risk ratio was adjusted for actual application of the different measures, the effect of intervention package A became stronger and statistically significant (RR = 0.14 p = 0.032). Statistical evidence (p < 0.05) showed that dry bedding and maintaining animals in the same groups were the most important measures within the package and weak evidence (p < 0.1) showed that a closed herd policy and no contact with other cattle may also be of importance. Compliance with the other measures in package A had no influence on the effect of the package. No evidence of effect of the other two intervention packages was found.VTEC (STEC) E. coli O157 / randomised controlled trial / prevention / zoonotic control in cattle

show abstract

Factors influencing the shedding of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 by beef suckler cows

Cited by 76 publications

References 37 publications

Investigation into the Effectiveness of Pooled Fecal Samples for Detection of Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia Coli O157 in Cattle

Investigation into the Effectiveness of Pooled Fecal Samples for Detection of Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia Coli O157 in Cattle

Analysis of Feces Samples Collected from a Wild-Bird Garden Feeding Station in Scotland for the Presence of Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157

Farm practices to controlE. coliO157 in young cattle - A randomised controlled trial

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About