Factors involved in the regulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone/beta-lipotropic hormone.

Jones, Melvyn; Gillham, Brian

doi:10.1152/physrev.1988.68.3.743

Cited by 191 publications

(116 citation statements)

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“…Comparison of the present data with those obtained with other species confirms the species specificity: two major immunoreactive products in tilapia (see Tran et al, 1989, for goldfish), which appear identical in PD and NIL (see Sumpter, 1986, for Chi nook salmon), and which both possess a ratio between immunoreactivity and bioac tivity of around 1 (see Scott and Baker, 1975, for rainbow trout). Therefore, the ti lapia data in particular comply reasonably well w'ith the characteristic vertebrate pic ture (Jones and Gillham, 1988). It seems un likely that these discrepancies between fish can be explained solely by the different methods (separation, assays) employed, and therefore indicate species-specific corticotrope functions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…ACTH is the main splicing product of the prohormone POMC in the pituitary corticotropes, both in fish (Rod rigues and Sumpter, 1983) and in higher vertebrates (Jones and Gillham, 1988). De spite the many studies on the effects of stress on cortisol output in teleosts, rela tively little is known about the effects of stress on the pituitary corticotropes; this reflects a lack of sufficiently specific and/or sensitive assays for fish ACTH, in particu lar for nonsalmonids.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone in Relation to Interrenal Function during Stress in Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)

Balm

Pepels

Helfrich

et al. 1994

General and Comparative Endocrinology

129

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone in Relation to Interrenal Function during Stress in Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)

Balm

Pepels

Helfrich

et al. 1994

General and Comparative Endocrinology

129

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“…Disinhibition may occur with higher corticosteroid levels but, under those conditions, hippocampal input to corticotropin releasing hormone producing cells is probably largely overriden by the direct negative feedback actions of corticosteroids onto corticotropin releasing hormone producing cells in the hypothalamus (73). Nevertheless, the cellular actions of corticosteroid hormones on hippocampal neurones are generally considered to add indirectly to the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, in concert with aminergic inputs from the brainstem (2).…”

Section: Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important aspect of glucocorticoid actions is their inhibitory control of the production and release of corticotropin releasing hormone and ACTH at the level of the hypothalamus and pituitary, respectively, in concert with transmitter systems projecting to the hypothalamus (1,2). Thus, glucocorticoids restrict their circulating levels, thereby preventing inappropriate steroid exposure following a brief episode of stress.…”

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confidence: 99%

Corticosteroid Actions in the Hippocampus

Joëls

2001

J Neuroendocrinology

181

111

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Corticosteroid hormones can enter the brain and bind to two intracellular receptor types that regulate transcription of responsive genes: (i) the high af®nity mineralocorticoid receptors and (ii) the glucocorticoid receptors with approximately 10-fold lower af®nity. Although most cells in the brain predominantly express glucocorticoid receptors, principal cells in limbic structures such as the hippocampus often contain glucocorticoid as well as mineralocorticoid receptors. Recent electrophysiological studies have examined the consequences of transcriptional regulation via the two receptor types for information transfer in the hippocampus. It was found that, under resting conditions, corticosteroids do not markedly alter electrical activity. However, if neurones are shifted towards more depolarized or hyperpolarized potentials due to the action of neurotransmitters, slow and adaptive effects of the corticosteroid hormones become apparent. In general, mineralocorticoid receptor occupation maintains steady electrical activity in hippocampal neurones. Brief activation of glucocorticoid receptors leads to increased in¯ux of calcium, which normally helps to slowly reverse temporarily raised electrical activity. These slow and persistent corticosteroid actions will alter network function within the hippocampus, thus contributing to behavioural adaptation in response to stress. Modulation of hippocampal activity by corticosteroids also affects hippocampal output (e.g. to inhibitory interneurones which control hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity). The enhanced calcium in¯ux after glucocorticoid receptor activation can become a risk factor when cells are simultaneously exposed to strong depolarizing inputs, such as those occuring during ischaemia. Similarly, chronically elevated corticosteroid levels (or lack of corticosteroids) could endanger hippocampal cell function. The latter may contribute to the precipitation of clinical symptoms in diseases associated with chronically aberrant corticosteroid levels.

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“…Since HA does not appear to stimulate ACTH/b-endorphin (3,4) or prolactin secretion (5,6) directly at the pituitary level, its action may be indirect via activation of hypothalamic neurons, which subsequently release hypophysiotropic factors which stimulate pituitary hormone secretion. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) as well as arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) are involved in regulation of ACTH and b-endorphin (7,8) secretion, and AVP and OT are also involved in control of prolactin secretion (9). Therefore activation of CRH-, AVP-and OT-containing neurons may be essential for the HA-induced release of pituitary hormones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal histamine and expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone, vasopressin and oxytocin in the hypothalamus: relative importance of H1 and H2 receptors

Kjær¹,

Larsen

Knigge³

et al. 1998

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Centrally administered histamine (HA) stimulates the secretion of the pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides ACTH and b-endorphin as well as prolactin. The effect of HA on secretion of these adenohypophysial hormones is indirect and may involve activation of hypothalamic neurons containing corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), arginine-vasopressin (AVP) or oxytocin (OT).We studied the effect of activating central HA receptors by central infusion of HA, HA agonists or antagonists on expression of CRH, AVP and OT mRNA in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei.Intracerebroventricular infusion of HA (270 nmol), the H 1 -receptor agonist 2-thiazolylethylamine or the H 2 -receptor agonist 4-methylhistamine increased the level of CRH mRNA in the PVN, and OT mRNA in the SON. In contrast, none of these compounds had any effect on expression of AVP mRNA in the PVN or SON. Administration of the H 1 -receptor antagonist mepyramine or the H 2 -receptor antagonist cimetidine had no effect on basal expression of CRH, AVP or OT mRNA in the PVN and/or SON except for a slight inhibitory effect of cimetidine on CRH mRNA expression in the PVN. Pretreatment with mepyramine or cimetidine before HA administration inhibited the HA-induced increase in OT mRNA levels but had no effect on the HA-induced increase in CRH mRNA levels in the PVN.We conclude that HA stimulates hypothalamic CRH and OT neurons by increasing mRNA levels, and this effect seems to be mediated via activation of both HA H 1 and H 2 receptors.

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Factors involved in the regulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone/beta-lipotropic hormone.

Cited by 191 publications

References 0 publications

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone in Relation to Interrenal Function during Stress in Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone in Relation to Interrenal Function during Stress in Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)

Corticosteroid Actions in the Hippocampus

Neuronal histamine and expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone, vasopressin and oxytocin in the hypothalamus: relative importance of H1 and H2 receptors

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