Factors Predisposing to Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan

Abstract

Purpose: To find out the factors predisposing to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
 Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, from October 2017 to April 2018.
 Methods: After approval from ethical review committee 117 patients presenting with Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) were included in the study. A detailed history was taken including previous surgery and trauma. Complete ocular examination was performed including dilated fundus examination. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Mean and standard deviation were computed for quantitative variable i.e. age and frequency. Percentages were calculated for qualitative variables i.e. gender, eye involved, lattice degeneration, trauma and intraocular surgery. Stratification was done with regards to age, gender, eye involved to see the effect of these modifiers on individual factor (lattice degeneration, trauma, intraocular surgery) by using chi square test and considering p value ≤ 0.05 as significant.
 Results: There were 117 patients including 91 males and 26 females. Sixty four were right eyes and fifty three were left eyes. Mean age was 37.30 ± 8.97 years. Lattice Degeneration was observed in 29.1% patents, Trauma was 37.6% and intraocular surgery was observed in 33.3% patients. There was a significant association of age with trauma (p = 0.045) and intraocular surgery (p = 0.001), which had statistically significant association with RRD.
 Conclusion: Intraocular surgery, trauma were significantly associated with age and RRD. However, although lattice degeneration is an established risk factors for Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment it was not associated with increased age.
 Key Words: Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment, Lattice Degeneration, Trauma, Intraocular Surgery.

Visual and Surgical Outcomes in Late Presentation of Retinal Detachment

“…This much time significantly lowers the success rates surgeries. 5,20 In the current study duration of onset of symptoms till they reach at hospital facility was 3.34±3.66 months. Out of total, 46% patients presented after 1 month of visual symptoms and 54% presented for taking treatment within one month but none of the patients presented in 1 st week of developing symptoms.…”

“…The cause may be men who are engaged in outdoor activities are more vulnerable to trauma. 5 There seem to be a trend in third-world countries towards delaying the presentation of retinal detachments to retina specialists health facilities. The most likely contributing factors are lack of knowledge and clinical resources.…”

“…Lattice degeneration, trauma, and intraocular surgical procedure are causative factors of RD. [5][6][7] The delayed presentation results in lower baseline vision and worse long-term visual and anatomic outcomes. 8,9 RD treatment generally requires immediate surgical intervention and is frequently compounded by atrophic retinal and vitreous alterations.…”

Risk Factors Associated With Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

“…According to other reports, 3.1% of RRD patients had a history of trauma, specifically RRD patients in Ethiopia. In South Africa, the proportion was 30%, while in Kenya, it was 8% [ 15 ]. In our study, the most common cause of RRD was lattice degeneration, with a frequency of 36%.…”