Purpose:  To find out the factors predisposing to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Study Design:  Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study:  Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, from October 2017 to April 2018. Methods:  After approval from ethical review committee 117 patients presenting with Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) were included in the study. A detailed history was taken including previous surgery and trauma. Complete ocular examination was performed including dilated fundus examination. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Mean and standard deviation were computed for quantitative variable i.e. age and frequency. Percentages were calculated for qualitative variables i.e. gender, eye involved, lattice degeneration, trauma and intraocular surgery. Stratification was done with regards to age, gender, eye involved to see the effect of these modifiers on individual factor (lattice degeneration, trauma, intraocular surgery) by using chi square test and considering p value ≤ 0.05 as significant. Results:  There were 117 patients including 91 males and 26 females. Sixty four were right eyes and fifty three were left eyes. Mean age was 37.30 ± 8.97 years. Lattice Degeneration was observed in 29.1% patents, Trauma was 37.6% and intraocular surgery was observed in 33.3% patients. There was a significant association of age with trauma (p = 0.045) and intraocular surgery (p = 0.001), which had statistically significant association with RRD. Conclusion:  Intraocular surgery, trauma were significantly associated with age and RRD. However, although lattice degeneration is an established risk factors for Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment it was not associated with increased age. Key Words:  Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment, Lattice Degeneration, Trauma, Intraocular Surgery.

Purpose:  To evaluate the difference between predicted and resultant corneal flap thickness in Sub-Bowmans Keratomileusis using Moria One-Use Plus sub-Bowman’s keratomileusis head. Study Design:  Interventional case series. Place and Duration of Study:  Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, from April 2019 to September 2019. Methods:  Total 55 patients of either gender with age 20 to 45 years undergoing Sub-bowmans Keratomileusis (SBK) were included. Frequencies and percentages were computed for qualitative variables. Quantitative variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation. Student t-test, pair t test and ANOVA were used to compare the mean of resultant and predicted corneal flap thickness. Effect modifiers were controlled through stratification. Post stratification student t-test was again used to compare the mean of resultant and predicted corneal flap thickness. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results:  The mean age was 26.83 ± 4.38. There was an insignificant differences in preoperative, intraoperative and corneal flap thickness of both eye with respect to gender (P > 0.05). There was insignificant mean difference in preoperative and intraoperative corneal thickness (P > 0.05) of both eye with respect to age group but significant mean difference in resultant flap corneal thickness seen with both age group (P < 0.05). Significant difference was found in the flap thickness between the right and left eyes. The difference in the predicted and resultant flap thickness was statistically significant for right eye and insignificant for the left eye. Conclusion:  With Moria microkeratome, accuracy of the flap can be predicted in SBK. It is a safe and effective method to achieve the desired results.

Purpose:  To compare the mean axial length measured by acoustic biometry with optical biometry. Design:  Descriptive observational study. Place and Duration of Study:  Department of Ophthalmology Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi from November 2018 to April 2019. Methods:   were 246 patients with visually significant cataract who were recruited in this study by consecutive sampling. Axial lengths were measured by non-contact optical method using Carl Zeiss IOL master. After instillation of local anesthetic, axial lengths were re-measured by contact method with A-Scan probe. All readings were taken by a single observer to avoid data collection bias. Mean and standard deviation was computed for quantitative variable i.e. age, axial length by Applanation ultra sound and axial length by optical biometry. Frequency and percentage was calculated for qualitative variables i.e. gender. Differences of axial length between the Applanation and optical biometry were compared by using pair T-test. Effect modifiers like age and gender were addressed through stratification, post stratification independent test for two groups and ANOVA for more than two groups was applied. Results:  The average age of the patients was 58.09 ± 7.27 years. Mean axial length by optical biometry was 23.744 ± 0.74mm as compared to 22.29 ± 0.76 mm by acoustic method and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.0005). Conclusion:  Results of axial length with Optical and acoustic biometry are significantly different with p value less than 0.05. However, optical biometers fail in cases of dense media opacities where acoustic biometry in needed. Key Words:  Cataract, Axial length, Applanation ultrasound, Optical Biometry.