Factors Related to Change Staple Foods in “GENKI Study 2” Population

Abstract

Reducing the risk for diabetes by replacing white rice with brown rice has been reported in interventional studies from various countries, where white rice is their main source of carbohydrate [9-11]. Pre-germinated brown rice in Japanese healthy adults [9], overweight Asian Indians [10], Nigerian Adults served four different types of brown rice's rate [11] were shown above relationships. However, people who eat a polished white rice are almost addicted to it, and it is difficult to substitute an unpolished brown rice for it. Concerning the current public health strategy, notwithstanding, many countries revised their Food-based Dietary Guidelines [12] with the recommendation of whole grain in everyday meals, our Japanese one has not addressed it yet. It is recommended that "Eating enough grains such as rice and other cereals", not to mention about whole grain such as brown rice is very moderate. Background/Aims: Brown rice has health benefits for health, but people who eat polished white rice are almost addicted to it, and it is difficult to substitute or add unpolished brown rice or other types of nutrient enriched rice to it. The purpose of this study was to clarify the factors of staple "rice change" for making evidence for implementation of dietary education. Subjects and Method: The subjects were 5,329 ordinary Japanese residents who participated in the "GENKI Study 2" to clarify the association between rice intake and health in 2016. After six months, a second survey was conducted for asking the changes of dietary habit and health status. A copy of health checkup data were also asked to send to us. The number of correspondences 6 months later were 4,929 (90.3%) for survey and 1,076 provided laboratory data. We focused on the factors related to change staple foods, and analyzed by a logistic regression analysis. Result: The number of rice "changed" group was 48 (8.7%) in males, and 52 (9.9%) in females. Significantly related factors to "rice change" in the second survey by the regression model were "blood triglyceride level≧150 mg/dl" (OR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.15-3.58), "fasting blood glucose level" (OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.03), "women" (OR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.12-3.55), and "annual income" (OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.03-1.82) with positive association, and "levels of physical exercise" were with negative association. Conclusion: A part of the longitudinal study showed that people who changed polished rice to healthier rice were women, having preclinical laboratory data of hyperlipidemia and/or diabetes, and high annual income.