Factors Related with Adiponectinemia in Obese and Normal-Weight Women and with Its Variation in Weight Loss Programs

Abstract

Objective: To assess different factors influencing adiponectinemia in obese and normal-weight women; to identify factors associated with the variation (Δ) in adiponectinemia in obese women following a 6-month weight loss program, according to surgical/non-surgical interventions. Methods: We studied 100 normal-weight women and 112 obese premenopausal women; none of them was on any medical treatment. Women were characterized for anthropometrics, daily macronutrient intake, smoking status, contraceptives use, adiponectin as well as IL-6 and TNF-α serum concentrations. Results: Adiponectinemia was lower in obese women (p < 0.001), revealing an inverse association with waist-to-hip ratio (p < 0.001; r = -0.335). Normal-weight women presented lower adiponectinemia among smokers (p = 0.041); body fat, waist-to-hip ratio, TNF-α levels, carbohydrate intake, and smoking all influence adiponectinemia (r² = 0.436). After weight loss interventions, a significant modification in macronutrient intake occurs followed by anthropometrics decrease (chiefly after bariatric procedures) and adiponectinemia increase (similar after surgical and non-surgical interventions). After bariatric intervention, Δ adiponectinemia was inversely correlated to Δ waist circumference and Δ carbohydrate intake (r² = 0.706). Conclusion: Anthropometrics, diet, smoking, and TNF-α levels all influence adiponectinemia in normal-weight women, although explaining less than 50% of it. In obese women, anthropometrics modestly explain adiponectinemia. Opposite to non-surgical interventions, after bariatric surgery adiponectinemia increase is largely explained by diet composition and anthropometric changes.

Effect of Roux-en-Y Bariatric Surgery on Lipoproteins, Insulin Resistance, and Systemic and Vascular Inflammation in Obesity and Diabetes

“…While some studies have shown a significant reduction in mediators of vascular inflammation after bariatric surgery at 6 months ( 12 ) and 12 months ( 13 – 16 ), but not at 1 month ( 17 ). Other studies have reported no significant change in mediators of vascular inflammation 6 months after bariatric surgery ( 18 ).…”

Inter‐relationships of the chronobiotic, melatonin, with leptin and adiponectin: implications for obesity

“…Hypo‐adiponectinemia has been found to be a strong indicator of metabolic and vascular disorders. Circulating adiponectin levels have been negatively correlated with BMI, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus type 2 . It has been also demonstrated that both high‐fat diet and fasting resulted in disruptions of the circadian expression of adiponectin signaling components .…”

Weight Gain Alters Adiponectin Receptor 1 Expression on Adipose Tissue‐Resident Helios+ Regulatory T Cells

“…In obese individuals and in murine models of obesity, adiponectin expression is decreased . Adiponectin is negatively correlated with body mass index and visceral fat accumulation , and the overexpression of human adiponectin in transgenic mice results in suppression of fat accumulation . The primary effects of adiponectin are associated with lipid and glucose metabolism, and it has recently been shown that adiponectin has anti‐inflammatory properties .…”