“…Certain challenges exist in relation to student verification, authorship and authentication checking in e-assessment (Harmon, Lambrinos & Buffolino, 2010). Cheating and plagiarism is regarded as a greater concern compared to traditional paper-based assessment (Pedersen, White & Smith, 2012;Rowe, 2004;Xu & Mahenthiran, 2016). Some of the types of cheating and plagiarism that have been examined in the literature with regards to e-assessment include impersonation, taking materials into exams, looking at others' answers and ghostwriting (Apampa, Wills & Argles, 2011;Bartley, 2005;Mellar et al, 2018).…”