Student authentication and authorship checking systems are intended to help teachers address cheating and plagiarism. This study set out to investigate higher education teachers' perceptions of the prevalence and types of cheating in their courses with a focus on the possible changes that might come about as a result of an increased use of eassessment, ways of addressing cheating, and how the use of student authentication and authorship checking systems might impact on assessment practice. This study was carried out within the context of the project TeSLA (an Adaptive Trust-based e-assessment System for Learning) which is developing a system intended for integration within an institution's Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) offering a variety of instruments to assure student authentication and authorship checking. Data was collected at two universities that were trialling the TeSLA system, one in Turkey, where the main modes of teaching are face-toface teaching and distance education, and one in Bulgaria, where the main modes of teaching are face-to-face teaching and blended learning. The study used questionnaires and interviews, building on existing TeSLA project evaluation activities and extending these to explore the specific areas we wished to examine in more depth. In three of the four contexts cheating was seen by teachers as a serious and growing problem, the exception was the distance education context where the teachers believed that the existing procedures were effective in controlling cheating. Most teachers in all four contexts expected cheating to become a greater problem with increased use of eassessment. Student authentication was not seen as a major problem in any of the contexts, as this was felt to be well controlled through face-to-face proctored assessments, though the problem of assuring effective authentication was seen by many teachers as a barrier to increased use of e-assessment. Authorship checking was seen as a major issue in all contexts, as copying and pasting from the web, ghost writing and plagiarism were all reported as widely prevalent, and authorship checking was seen as becoming even more important with increased use of e-assessment. Teachers identified a third category of cheating behaviours, which was the accessing of information from other students, from written materials, and from the internet during assessments. Teachers identified a number of approaches to addressing the problem of cheating: education, technology, assessment design, sanctions, policy, and surveillance. Whilst technology was not seen as the most important approach to prevention, student authentication and authorship checking systems were seen as relevant in terms of reducing reliance on face-to-face proctored examinations, and in improving the quality of assessment through supporting the employment of a wider range of assessment methods. The development of authorship checking based on computational linguistic (Continued on next page)

The aim of this study was to identify students’ perceptions on cheating and plagiarism and trust in e-assessment according to their assessment experience and mode of learning as well as exploring their concerns in e-assessment. Participants were 952 students from two public universities in Turkey and Bulgaria. The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. A questionnaire consisting of closed and open-ended questions was applied to collect data. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and thematic analyses were performed. According to the results, no significant difference was found on students’ perceptions towards cheating and plagiarism and their feelings of trust in e-assessment regarding students’ prior e-assessment experience. However, there was a significant difference on students’ perceptions towards cheating and plagiarism and their feelings of trust in e-assessment regarding the mode of learning they are involved in. In addition, students’ concerns about e-assessment were explored in details in the paper.

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Bu çalışmanın amacı, e-değerlendirme sürecinde kimlik doğrulama ve yazarlık kontrol sistemi kullanımında öğrencilerin deneyimlerini belirlemektir. Çalışma, Avrupa Komisyonu tarafından finanse edilen Horizon 2020 projesi kapsamında geliştirilen TeSLA Projesi (Öğrenme için Uyarlanabilir Güvene dayalı bir e-Değerlendirme Sistemi) kapsamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. TeSLA sistemi, e-değerlendirmede kimlik doğrulama, yüz tanıma, ses tanıma, tuş vuruşu dinamikleri, yazarlık kontrolü ve intihal araçları gibi çeşitli araçları içermektedir. Çalışma, kesitsel anket çalışması olarak tasarlanmıştır. Katılımcılar, İspanya, Bulgaristan ve Türkiye'de TeSLA sistemini kullanan üç üniversiteden toplam 735 öğrencidir. Öğrenciler, 2018-2019 Bahar Dönemi boyunca 92 lisans ve lisansüstü düzeydeki derste e-değerlendirme faaliyetleri için TeSLA sistemini kullanmışlardır. Veriler, derslerde TeSLA sisteminin uygulanmasından önce bir ön anket ve sistemi test ettikten sonra bir son anket aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Veri analizi için tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve tek yönlü ANOVA Testi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, öğrencilerin TeSLA sistemini kullanırken farklı algıları ve deneyimleri olduğu; olumlu görüşlerin yanında olumsuz görüşlerin de ortaya çıktığı görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlara bağlı olarak elde edilen bulgular, ilgili literatür kapsamında ayrıntılı olarak tartışılmıştır.

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