Facts and doubts on the beginning of human life – scientific, legal, philosophical and religious controversies

Abstract

It is very complicated to give correct answer to the question “How to define human life?” Nowadays dilemmas consider the respect of human life from the birth to death involve not just biology but also other sciences like philosophy, theology, sociology, psychology, law and politics. These sciences evaluate the topic from different points of view. Integration of all of these perspectives could result with a proper definition. The principal purpose of this paper is to try to determine when a human individual begins. If this proves to be too difficult, we might have to settle for a specific stage in the reproductive process before which it would be impossible to say with any plausibility that a human individual exists. It is necessary to return the moral dimension of observation to the science of life. The point is to reconcile the universal ethical principles concerning the absolute value of life with the everyday challenges and dilemmas. It is our deepest conviction that life has an absolute value and that there always remains something indestructible and substantial in life, which may neither be evaluated by anything final, nor completely reduced to the material biological equivalent and the genetic substratum.

Are We Astronauts Before Birth? A Miracle of Intrauterine Life

“…The ancient Chinese believe that people are nine months older than what Western civilization advocates because the Chinese count the age of a person from conception. And it seems that they are right because the life begins much earlier before birth, which is scientifically still controversial (Kurjak et al 2022). The development before birth takes place in a watery environment, with increased heat, relative lack of oxygen (hypoxia), and microgravity.…”

Relevance of Ethical Norms and Religious Values to Realize a Harmonious and Dynamic Social Life

“…Thus religion cannot be separated from human life, whenever and wherever. (Kurjak et al, 2023) Religion comes from Sanskrit which means not chaotic, taken from the syllable a means not and gama which means chaos. In full, religion is a regulation that regulates human beings so that they are not chaotic.…”