Fadiga: Alterações Fisiológicas E Modelos Conceituais

Abstract

ResumoFatigue can be considered a complex phenomenon, related to the decrease of motivational factors, strength sustentation reduction and feeling of exhaustion. The objective of this review was to describe the two main models described about fatigue: inability of the physiological systems and the central government models. Over 13 months articles were identified and reviewed, in the main databases, using the words fatigue, peripheral fatigue, central fatigue, central government and exercise in English and Portuguese. For this review 37 productions were used, 19 of these were experimental studies and 18 others papers. The inability of physiological systems describes that the fatigue is a homeostasis breakage and, as has as final consequence, exhaustion. According to this model, the fatigue comes from inability of the physiological systems in both levels: central and peripheral. The central fatigue is characterized by changes in concentration or actions of branched chain amino acids, dopamine, choline and acetylcholine, cytokines, ammonia and carbohydrates. The peripheral fatigue is by changes in concentrations of creatine phosphate, glycogen and lactate -pH related. The central government describes that the fatigue starts without evidence of correlated failures to homeostasis and the brain acts as a central government in order to ensure that the exercise is finished. Is concluded that in inability of the physiological systems model, the body is analyzed as a single segment and not as an integrated system in which complex functions are performed, the main of all, the maintenance of homeostasis.

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“…This reversible phenomenon generally described as muscle fatigue works as a defense process of the organism in the attempt to avoid that the body energy reserves run out. ( 1 - 3 )…”

“…Esse fenômeno reversível, geralmente descrito como fadiga muscular, funciona como processo de defesa do organismo, na tentativa de impedir que as reservas de energia do corpo se esgotem. ( 1 - 3 )…”