Faecal concentrations of ceftiofur metabolites in finisher pigs administered intramuscularly with ceftiofur

Gaire, Tara; Salas, Jessica; Dunmire, Kara M.; Paulk, Chad B.; Tokach, Mike D; Nagaraja, T. G.; Volkova, Victoriya V.

doi:10.1002/vms3.520

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Fecal microbiome largely represents the microbes present in the distal region of the hindgut, while other gut sections contain different microbial communities compared with that of the feces [ 88 , 89 ]; meanwhile, the fecal microbiome is considered an important source of ARGs for other animals in the pens and other farms [ 90 ]. While our study followed a single cohort of piglets from birth to market age in order to characterize the fecal microbiome and AMR, the study has limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age influences the temporal dynamics of microbiome and antimicrobial resistance genes among fecal bacteria in a cohort of production pigs

et al. 2023

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Background The pig gastrointestinal tract hosts a diverse microbiome, which can serve to select and maintain a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG). Studies suggest that the types and quantities of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in fecal bacteria change as the animal host ages, yet the temporal dynamics of AMR within communities of bacteria in pigs during a full production cycle remains largely unstudied. Results A longitudinal study was performed to evaluate the dynamics of fecal microbiome and AMR in a cohort of pigs during a production cycle; from birth to market age. Our data showed that piglet fecal microbial communities assemble rapidly after birth and become more diverse with age. Individual piglet fecal microbiomes progressed along similar trajectories with age-specific community types/enterotypes and showed a clear shift from E. coli/Shigella-, Fusobacteria-, Bacteroides-dominant enterotypes to Prevotella-, Megaspheara-, and Lactobacillus-dominated enterotypes with aging. Even when the fecal microbiome was the least diverse, the richness of ARGs, quantities of AMR gene copies, and counts of AMR fecal bacteria were highest in piglets at 2 days of age; subsequently, these declined over time, likely due to age-related competitive changes in the underlying microbiome. ARGs conferring resistance to metals and multi-compound/biocides were detected predominately at the earliest sampled ages. Conclusions The fecal microbiome and resistome—along with evaluated descriptors of phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility of fecal bacteria—among a cohort of pigs, demonstrated opposing trajectories in diversity primarily driven by the aging of pigs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age influences the temporal dynamics of microbiome and antimicrobial resistance genes among fecal bacteria in a cohort of production pigs

et al. 2023

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“…However, in the ceftiofur group, all fecal samples of one female pig (pig n • 2) contained measurable amounts of ceftiofur-related residues, measured as desfuroylceftiofuracetamide (Figure 2). In a recently published study by Gaire (2021) on finisher pigs, ceftiofur-related residues could be detected in the feces of all treated pigs (n = 25), while in our study, the feces of only one out of eight pigs contained residues [23]. A possible explanation could be that the higher dose of ceftiofur received by the finisher pigs (4.4 mg•kg −1 BW vs. 3 mg•kg −1 BW) resulted in a higher concentration in the gut.…”

Section: Ceftiofur Ceftiofur-related Metabolites and Cefquinome: Inte...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results showed that at the genus level, a difference was demonstrated between pigs from different breeds. The study by Gaire (2021) did not mention which breed the pigs belonged to. Interestingly, the concentrations of desfuroylceftiofuracetamide in the different gut segments of pig n • 2 were in the same range as in the other pigs, suggesting a slower degradation during gut transit.…”

Section: Ceftiofur Ceftiofur-related Metabolites and Cefquinome: Inte...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, there is only little information on the intestinal and fecal concentrations of parenterally injected cephalosporins [22,23]. The third and fourth generation cephalosporins, in particular ceftiofur and cefquinome, are developed for parenteral therapeutic use in veterinary medicine against bacterial infections in livestock caused by various Grampositive and Gram-negative organisms [24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intestinal Exposure to Ceftiofur and Cefquinome after Intramuscular Treatment and the Impact of Ceftiofur on the Pig Fecal Microbiome and Resistome

et al. 2022

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Optimization of antimicrobial treatment during a bacterial infection in livestock requires in-depth knowledge of the impact of antimicrobial therapy on the pathogen and commensal microbiota. Once administered antimicrobials and/or their metabolites are excreted either by the kidneys through urine and/or by the intestinal tract through feces, causing antimicrobial pressure and possibly the emergence of resistance in the gastro-intestinal tract. So far, the excretion of ceftiofur and cefquinome in the intestinal tract of pigs has not been described. The objective of this study was to investigate the excretion of ceftiofur and cefquinome in the different segments of the gut and feces after intramuscular administration. Therefore, 16 pigs were treated either with ceftiofur (n = 8) or cefquinome (n = 8), and feces were collected during the entire treatment period. The presence of ceftiofur and desfuroylceftiofuracetamide or cefquinome were quantified via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. At the end of the treatment, pigs were euthanized, and samples from the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum were analyzed. In feces, no active antimicrobial residues could be measured, except for one ceftiofur-treated pig. In the gut segments, the concentration of both antimicrobials increased from duodenum toward the ileum, with a maximum in the ileum (187.8 ± 101.7 ng·g−1 ceftiofur-related residues, 57.8 ± 37.5 ng·g−1 cefquinome) and sharply decreased in the cecum (below the limit of quantification for ceftiofur-related residues, 6.4 ± 4.2 ng·g−1 cefquinome). Additionally, long-read Nanopore sequencing and targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed in an attempt to clarify the discrepancy in fecal excretion of ceftiofur-related residues between pigs. In general, there was an increase in Prevotella, Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium and a decrease in Escherichia and Clostridium after ceftiofur administration (q-value < 0.05). The sequencing and qPCR could not provide an explanation for the unexpected excretion of ceftiofur-related residues in one pig out of eight. Overall, this study provides valuable information on the gut excretion of parenteral administered ceftiofur and cefquinome.

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Faecal concentrations of ceftiofur metabolites in finisher pigs administered intramuscularly with ceftiofur

Gaire

Salas

Dunmire

et al. 2021

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary fibre level and source on faecal ceftiofur metabolites concentrations after intramuscular administration of therapeutic ceftiofur hydrochloride in finisher pigs. Pens of finisher pigs (n = 36), with an equal number of barrows and gilts, were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatment groups: basal diet composed of corn grain and soy bean meal with no supplement and formulated to contain 8.7% neutral detergent fibre (NDF), supplemented with 20% distillers dried grains with solubles (a byproduct of the ethanol production from corn grain) formulated to contain 13.6% NDF, primarily insoluble fibre or supplemented with 14.5% sugar beet pulp formulated to contain 13.6% NDF. Faecal samples were collected 6–8 hr after ceftiofur injection from treated and untreated pen‐mate pigs on days 1 and 3 of the 3‐day treatment regimen. Faecal concentrations of ceftiofur metabolites, including the major metabolite, desfuroylceftiofur, were analysed by reverse‐phase high pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Overall, the faecal concentrations of ceftiofur metabolites did not differ significantly between the dietary treatments. The mean concentrations of metabolites tended to be lower (p = .1) on day 3 compared to day 1 of the 3‐day treatment regimen. Faecal concentrations of metabolites were not affected by the gender of the finisher pigs. The concentrations of ceftiofur metabolites in the faeces are likely reflective of the microbial activity in the hindgut. Our data suggest that the fibre level and source used in the study did not affect the faecal concentrations of ceftiofur metabolites.

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Faecal concentrations of ceftiofur metabolites in finisher pigs administered intramuscularly with ceftiofur

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Age influences the temporal dynamics of microbiome and antimicrobial resistance genes among fecal bacteria in a cohort of production pigs

Age influences the temporal dynamics of microbiome and antimicrobial resistance genes among fecal bacteria in a cohort of production pigs

Intestinal Exposure to Ceftiofur and Cefquinome after Intramuscular Treatment and the Impact of Ceftiofur on the Pig Fecal Microbiome and Resistome

Faecal concentrations of ceftiofur metabolites in finisher pigs administered intramuscularly with ceftiofur

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