Faecal microbiota transplant – prospects and safety

Bartnicka, Anna; Szachta, Patrycja; Gałęcka, Mirosława

doi:10.21164/pomjlifesci.98

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Akkermansia muciniphila plays an important role in mucosal barrier homeostasis, besides producing metabolites such as acetic acid, propionic acid and oligosaccharides, which are used as substrates for Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. In Addition, Faecalibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium and Butyricicoccus (which are significantly decreased in PPD patients), are butyrate producers [118,132]. Elevating butyrate production is correlated with a healthy gut since these short-chain fatty acids inhibit inflammation and consequent disruption in intestinal permeability.…”

Section: Depression Gut Microbiome and Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Gut Hormones Influence Brain Function in Depression

Siba

Martynhak

Pereira

2023

Applied Biosciences

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The literature on the crosstalk between the brain and the gut has increased considerably in recent years. It is widely accepted now that the microbiome plays a significant role in several brain disorders, neurodevelopment, neurocognitive stages, and physiological functions. However, the mechanisms that influence such crosstalk are still not well elucidated. In this sense, one of the possible mechanisms by which the microbiome could influence brain function is through gut hormones released by enteroendocrine cells: ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide YY (PYY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), glucagon-like peptide (GLP1-2), corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), secretin, serotonin (5-HT), and oxytocin. Especially when one considers that the brain expresses receptors for these hormones in areas important to the neurobiology of brain disorders (e.g., depression), such as the hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, and suprachiasmatic nucleus. To strengthen this hypothesis, gastrointestinal dysfunction (such as altered motility or pain) is relatively common in depressive patients, and changes in diet (low-carbohydrate diets, for example) positively affect mood. Additionally, alterations in the gut microbiome are relatively common in depressive patients and are related to the levels of Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia and Clostridium. Finally, concerning the gut-released hormones, the literature reports that ghrelin can be a peripheral marker for the antidepressant treatment success rate and has elevated levels during depression. GLP-1 is tightly correlated with HPA axis activity being decreased by high cortisol levels. CCK seems to be altered in depression due to increased inflammation and activation of Toll-like receptor 4. Such finds allow the postulation that hormones, the microbiome and mood are intertwined and co-dependent. VIP is correlated with circadian rhythms. There is a bidirectional connection of the circadian rhythms between the host and the microbiota. Circadian rhythm disruption is associated with both poor outcomes in mental health and alterations in the microbiota composition. In sum, in the past year, more and more research has been published showing the tight connection between gut and brain health and trying to decipher the feedback in play. Here, we focus on depression.

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Section: Depression Gut Microbiome and Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Gut Hormones Influence Brain Function in Depression

Siba

Martynhak

Pereira

2023

Applied Biosciences

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“…In most cases the probiotic microorganisms can be found in stool only during the supplementation with the preparation. Probiotic strains do not have to colonize the intestine permanently [3,57]. After supplementation with the preparation probiotic microorganisms can no longer be isolated from stool.…”

Section: Can These Bacteria Survive In An Antibiotic Environment?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The issue of the correct use of probiotics in the absence of recommendations

Tomczak

Wrońska

Pecyna

et al. 2021

Postępy Higieny I Medycyny Doświadczalnej

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Antibiotics are important for saving both human health and life. Antibiotics destroy all bacteria within their spectrum, because they do not distinguish between good and bad bacteria. Even if an antibiotic therapy lasts only a few days, it may cause diarrhoea and mycosis. Antibiotics destroy most bacterial species in the intestines. These changes may affect one’s whole life. Today it is a challenge for medicine to be able to manipulate the microbiome so as to restore normal relations between microorganisms. At present, when antibiotics are abused, probiotics are very often applied. However, as there are no recommendations, a lot of mistakes can be made when using them. Both drugs and dietary supplements can be classified as probiotics. Medicinal probiotics are subject to very strict registration requirements and their use is associated with a specific disease or ailment. Probiotic microorganisms must be classified according to their genus, species and strain. These preparations may contain one or more probiotic strains depending on its application. At present there are no established schemes or rules concerning the dosage of probiotic preparations. This issue arouses numerous controversies. It is assumed that the probiotic should be applied at a dose which proved to have a beneficial effect in tests conducted on humans. Patients usually make decisions on the choice and dosage of preparations themselves. Individualised probiotic therapy is the key to success. There is no universal preparation – a specific probiotic should be used in a particular clinical case.

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The Intestinal and Skin Microbiome in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis and Their Influence on the Course of the Disease: A Literature Review

Mazur¹,

Tomczak

Łodyga

et al. 2023

Healthcare

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Bacteria inhabiting the digestive tract are responsible for our health. The microbiome is essential for the development of the immune system and homeostasis of the body. Maintaining homeostasis is very important, but also extremely complicated. The gut microbiome is related to the skin microbiome. It can therefore be assumed that changes in the microbes inhabiting the skin are greatly influenced by the bacteria living in the intestines. Changes in the composition and function of microbes (dysbiosis in the skin and intestines) have recently been linked to changes in the immune response and the development of skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD). This review was compiled by collaborating Dermatologists specializing in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. A comprehensive review of the current literature was performed using PubMed and limited to relevant case reports and original papers on the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis. The inclusion criterion was that the paper was published in a peer-reviewed journal in the last 10 years (2012–2022). No limitations on the language of the publication or the type of study were made. It has been shown that any rapid changes in the composition of the microflora may be associated with the appearance of clinical signs and symptoms of the disease. Various studies have proven that the microbiome of many systems (including the intestines) may have a significant impact on the development of the inflammatory process within the skin in the course of AD. It has been shown that an early interaction between the microbiome and immune system may result in a noticeable delay in the onset of atopic diseases. It seems to be of high importance for physicians to understand the role of the microbiome in AD, not only from the pathophysiological standpoint but also in terms of the complex treatment that is required. Perhaps young children diagnosed with AD present specific characteristics of the intestinal microflora. This might be related to the early introduction of antibiotics and dietary manipulations in breastfeeding mothers in the early childhood of AD patients. It is most likely related to the abuse of antibiotics from the first days of life.

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Faecal microbiota transplant – prospects and safety

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

When Gut Hormones Influence Brain Function in Depression

When Gut Hormones Influence Brain Function in Depression

The issue of the correct use of probiotics in the absence of recommendations

The Intestinal and Skin Microbiome in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis and Their Influence on the Course of the Disease: A Literature Review

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