Failure of Chickens to Act as Sentinels During an Epizootic of Eastern Equine Encephalitis in Southern New Jersey, USA1

Crans, W. J.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/23.6.626

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In 1978, the Florida Sentinel Chicken Arboviral Surveillance Program was established to monitor sentinel chickens to detect arboviral activity throughout the state [33]. According to that sentinel chickens may also be the better indicator of EEEV activity, although they were not useful for detecting EEEV activity in all regions [34]. Nonetheless, domestic chickens remain the most widely used sentinel animal NA EEEV, primarily because the time and place of virus exposure can be defined for domestic chicken sentinels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Mapping of Common Immunodominant Epitopes in the Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus E2 Protein Recognized by Avian Antibody Responses

Sun

Zhao²,

Sun³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is a mosquito-borne virus that can cause both human and equine encephalitis with high case fatality rates. EEEV can also be widespread among birds, including pheasants, ostriches, emu, turkeys, whooping cranes and chickens. The E2 protein of EEEV and other Alphaviruses is an important immunogenic protein that elicits antibodies of diagnostic value. While many therapeutic and diagnostic applications of E2 protein-specific antibodies have been reported, the specific epitopes on E2 protein recognized by the antibody responses of different susceptible hosts, including avian species, remain poorly defined. In the present study, the avian E2-reactive polyclonal antibody (PAb) response was mapped to linear peptide epitopes using PAbs elicited in chickens and ducks following immunization with recombinant EEEV E2 protein and a series of 42 partially overlapping peptides covering the entire EEEV E2 protein. We identified 12 and 13 peptides recognized by the chicken and duck PAb response, respectively. Six of these linear peptides were commonly recognized by PAbs elicited in both avian species. Among them five epitopes recognized by both avian, the epitopes located at amino acids 211–226 and 331–352 were conserved among the EEEV antigenic complex, but not other associated alphaviruses, whereas the epitopes at amino acids 11–26, 30–45 and 151–166 were specific to EEEV subtype I. The five common peptide epitopes were not recognized by avian PAbs against Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) and Duck Plague Virus (DPV). The identification and characterization of EEEV E2 antibody epitopes may be aid the development of diagnostic tools and facilitate the design of epitope-based vaccines for EEEV. These results also offer information with which to study the structure of EEEV E2 protein.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Mapping of Common Immunodominant Epitopes in the Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus E2 Protein Recognized by Avian Antibody Responses

Sun

Zhao²,

Sun³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…Results of ETAs for IgG and IgM class antibodies to EEE virus are shown in Table 1. Antibody was initially detectable in two birds on 29 August and in a third on 5 September. IgG class antibodies to EEE virus were detected until the project ended (7 to 8 weeks).…”

Section: There Was Considerable Variation Among the Chickens Inmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The use of sentinel chicken flocks to monitor the activity of arthropod-borne viruses is widespread among public health and mosquito control agencies (1,5,16). A variety of techniques are used to determine when chickens become infected with virus, the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test being the most common.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibodies against eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in sentinel chickens

et al. 1991

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We developed an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG subclass antibodies directed against eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus in chickens. The assays were compared with the serum plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for ability to detect antibodies against EEE virus in laboratory-infected birds. No cross-reactivity was detected in serum from chickens inoculated with St. Louis encephalitis or Highlands J virus. The interval after infection when EEE virus-specific antibodies were first detected by IgM and IgG EIAs was found to be similar to that determined by the PRNT and HI tests: 2 to 4 days. The IgG EIA, PRNT, and HI test detected antibodies to EEE virus for at least 27 to 30 days after inoculation. In contrast, serum from five of seven chickens did not contain detectable IgM 30 days after infection. Similarly, in all three naturally infected sentinel chickens from Maryland, IgM class antibody was undetectable 1 to 5 weeks after IgM was initially detected. EIAs provide simple and rapid alternatives to traditional tests for monitoring EEE virus infections in sentinel chicken flocks. Moreover, the IgM EIA provides a means to separate recently infected chickens from those infected .1 month earlier.

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“…Rudnick (1986), for example used sentinel monkeys in modified Magoon traps during dengue studies in Malaysia. This procedure is now widely adopted in arbovirus studies, and in addition to monkeys, various rodents, marsupials, deer, baby chicks and mice are used as sentinels (Andre et al, 1985;Artsob et al, 1983;Crans, 1986;LeDuc, 1978;Reisen et al, 1990;Vigliano & Carlson, 1986), and in India Mani et al (1991) used donkeys as sentinels for Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses.…”

Section: Bantam Fowl Trap (Pillai and Macnamara)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling Adults by Animal Bait Catches and by Animal-Baited Traps

Service¹

1993

Mosquito Ecology

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Failure of Chickens to Act as Sentinels During an Epizootic of Eastern Equine Encephalitis in Southern New Jersey, USA1

Abstract: \bstrat't. A series of 10 chicken flocks placed in areas of southern Nen'Jersey, USA, preceding an epizo Show more

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

Comprehensive Mapping of Common Immunodominant Epitopes in the Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus E2 Protein Recognized by Avian Antibody Responses

Comprehensive Mapping of Common Immunodominant Epitopes in the Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus E2 Protein Recognized by Avian Antibody Responses

Enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibodies against eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in sentinel chickens

Sampling Adults by Animal Bait Catches and by Animal-Baited Traps

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