Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): A Laboratory Bioassay and Larval Preference Study for the Fungal Endophyte of Perennial Ryegrass

Hardy, Tad N.; Clay, Keith; Hammond, A. M.

doi:10.1093/jee/78.3.571

Cited by 57 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…In addition to the reports mentioned above (Webber, 1981;Funk et al, 1983;Gaynor and Hunt, 1983;Lasota et al, 1983;Barker et al, 1984;Prestidge et al, 1984;Ahmad et al, 1985;Clay et al, 1985a;Claydon et al, 1985;Hardy et al, 1985;Latch et al, 1985a;Johnson et al, 1985), that correlate endophytic fungi with negative effects towards insects, other reports kept accumulating in the following years. Some of them will be presented here but we should keep in mind that most of them refer to the host F. arundinacea and L. perenne.…”

Section: Endophytes and The Decrease In The Incidence Of Insects On Hmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Lasota et al (1983) had also correlated in the white spruce Picea glauca, death rate of the Homoptera Adelges abietis when galls are infected with the endophytic fungus Cladosporium sphaerosperum. In L. perenne and members of the genus Cyperus, weight gain and survival of the insect-pest, Spodoptera frugiperda, were affected by endophytic fungi like Balansia cyperi (Clay et al, 1985a;Hardy et al, 1985). Studies related to this insectpest affecting different species of Lolium were also conduced by Larch et al (1985b) with two endophytic fungi, Acremonium lolii and a member of the genus Gliocadium.…”

Section: Earlier Reports Of Endophytic Microorganisms In the Control mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endophytic microorganisms: a review on insect control and recent advances on tropical plants

Azevedo¹,

Maccheroni²,

Pereira³

et al. 2000

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

565

320

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In the past two decades, a great deal of information on the role of endophytic microorganisms in nature has been collected. The capability of colonizing internal host tissues has made endophytes valuable for agriculture as a tool to improve crop performance. In this review, we addressed the major topics concerning the control of insects-pests by endophytic microorganisms. Several examples of insect control are described, notably those involving the interactions between fungi and grazing grasses from temperate countries. The mechanisms by which endophytic fungi control insect attacks are listed and include toxin production as well as the influence of these compounds on plant and livestock and how their production may be affected by genetic and environmental conditions. The importance of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi for insect control is also addressed. As the literature has shown, there is a lack of information on endophytes from tropical hosts, which are more severely affected by pests and diseases. The natural and biological control of pests and diseases affecting cultivated plants has gained much attention in the past decades as a way of reducing the use of chemical products in agriculture. Biological control has been frequently used in Brazil, supported by the development of basic and applied research on this field not only in our country but also in South America as it can be found in several reviews (Lecuona, 1996;Alves, 1998;Melo and Azevedo, 1998). In fact, by having vast agriculturable areas and most of its territory in the tropical region, Brazil and all Latin America, show their agriculture severely affected by agricultural pests. The use of agrochemicals, although decreasing the attack of insects and phytopathogenic microorganisms, still represents a high risk to field workers and consumers. In addition, their use is, in certain cases, economically unviable. The control of pests and diseases by means of biological processes i. e., use of entomopathogenic microorganisms or those that inhibit/antagonise other microorganisms pathogenic to plants, is an alternative that may contribute to reduce or eliminate the use of chemical products in agriculture.

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Section: Endophytes and The Decrease In The Incidence Of Insects On Hmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Earlier Reports Of Endophytic Microorganisms In the Control mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytic microorganisms: a review on insect control and recent advances on tropical plants

Azevedo¹,

Maccheroni²,

Pereira³

et al. 2000

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

565

320

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The increased herbivore resistance of endophyteinfected plants has mostly been studied in cultivated turf and pasture grasses, particularly species of Festuca, Lolium and Poa (Hardy et al 1985;Prestidge and Gallagher 1988;Bultman and Ganey 1995;Schardl and Philips 1997;Siegel and Bush 1997; but see also Schmidt 1986;Cheplick and Clay 1988). By contrast, little is known about the role of Epichloë/Neotyphodium endophytes in wild grasses of natural plant communities, such as prairies or woodlands (Faeth et al 1997;Saikkonen et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epichloë grass endophytes increase herbivore resistance in the woodland grass Brachypodium sylvaticum

Brem

Leuchtmann

2001

Oecologia

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Endophytic fungi of the genus Epichloë and their asexual Neotyphodium forms are thought to interact mutualistically with their host grasses, providing protection for the host against herbivores and pathogens mediated by fungal alkaloids. Most previous research has concentrated on agronomically important grasses, such as tall fescue, and its interactions with livestock grazers or invertebrate herbivores. In this study we focus on the woodland grass Brachypodium sylvaticum which is infected by the strictly host-specific endophyte Epichloë sylvatica. This fungus has two alternative modes of reproduction: the predominant asexual strains are seed-transmitted, whereas the rare sexual strains are capable of contagious spread by ascospores produced on stromata. To assess potential host protection from herbivory, we tested to what extent development of Spodoptera frugiperda, a noctuid generalist herbivore, was affected when fed on different genotypes of naturally infected (E), artificially infected (F), or uninfected (E) leaf material of B. sylvaticum. In a feeding assay, insect larvae performed significantly better on a diet of uninfected leaves, even though previous studies have not detected alkaloid production by E. sylvatica. A possible explanation for this result may be the presence of an unknown compound in infected plants, acting as metabolic toxin against S. frugiperda larvae. The negative effect on insect larvae was increased when they were fed on a diet artificially infected by a particular genotype (F), suggesting that content of allelochemicals may depend on the fungal genotype. In a dual-choice test, neonate S. frugiperda larvae initially preferred uninfected seedlings over naturally infected seedlings, but only during the first 6 h of the experiment. This suggests that the unknown compounds can act as weak insect-feeding deterrents. To assess herbivory in natural stands of the host grass, nine infected populations of B. sylvaticum were examined for feeding damage. Damage due to microherbivores and macroherbivores was equal in most populations. However, microherbivores (mostly insects) showed a clear preference for tillers bearing fungal stromata, whereas asymptomatically infected tillers were less damaged. Thus, herbivore resistance of infected plants appears to be correlated with the mode of reproduction of fungal genotypes. This result is of evolutionary significance, since asexual, seed-transmitted endophytes depend on host fitness and seed production for their dispersal.

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“…(Funk et al 1983), bluegrass bill bug (Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal) , house crickets (Acheta domesticus L.) , fall armyworm (Spodopter /rugiperda J. E. Smith) (Hardy et al 1985), black beetle (Heteronychus arator Fabricus) (Watson pers. comm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect on theLoliumendophyte of nitrogen applied to perennial ryegrass seed crops

Stewart¹

1986

New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture

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Three rates of nitrogen (N) fertiliser were applied at spikelet initiation to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seed crops. The treatments had no effect on the percentage infection of the endophyte, Acremonium loliae Latch, Christensen and Samuels, but the highest N rate significantly reduced the concentration of endophyte mycelium in harvested seed. Infected plants grown from seed harvested from these three treatments showed that reduced concentrations of endophyte in seed carried over into seedlings, mature plants, and seed harvested from these plants. The implications are discussed.

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Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): A Laboratory Bioassay and Larval Preference Study for the Fungal Endophyte of Perennial Ryegrass

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Endophytic microorganisms: a review on insect control and recent advances on tropical plants

Endophytic microorganisms: a review on insect control and recent advances on tropical plants

Epichloë grass endophytes increase herbivore resistance in the woodland grass Brachypodium sylvaticum

Effect on theLoliumendophyte of nitrogen applied to perennial ryegrass seed crops

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