False memories for aggressive acts

Laney, Cara; Takarangi, Melanie K. T.

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.04.001

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Compared to the video data, the descriptions in the case files lack detailed information on the behavioral micro-sequences, especially because such micro-behaviors have a nonverbal and subconscious expression that rarely finds its way to self-reported accounts of the situation (Collins 2004:65-78;Laney and Takarangi 2013). Further, this issue is accentuated by the fact that police case files contain only few detailed behavioral descriptions of the bystanders/witnesses, reflecting the interest of the police in clarifying the question of guilt among alleged perpetrators and victims.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Actual Risk of Bystander Intervention: A Statistical Study Based on Naturally Occurring Violent Emergencies

Liebst¹,

Heinskou²,

Ejbye-Ernst³

2019

Preprint

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Objectives: Bystander studies have rarely considered the victimization risk associated with intervention into violent, dangerous emergencies. To address this gap, we aim to identify factors that influence bystanders' risk of being physically victimized. Methods:We observed bystander behavior from video surveillance footage of naturally occurring violence in night-time economy settings, and data was analyzed with a logistic regression model. Results: Data shows that approximately one out of six interventions results in some type of victimization, typically with a relatively low degree of severity. The bystander's social group membership, the setting of the emergency, and the bystander's intervention type are estimated as risk factors for victimization. Conclusions: Previous research suggests that a bystander's social group membership with victims promotes intervention behavior. Our results expand the role of social group membership as being a factor that also influences whether the intervening bystander is victimized.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Actual Risk of Bystander Intervention: A Statistical Study Based on Naturally Occurring Violent Emergencies

Liebst¹,

Heinskou²,

Ejbye-Ernst³

2019

Preprint

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“…Furthermore, retrospective accounts of violent episodes may be inaccurate owing to cognitive constraints, false memories, self-deception, and memory failure-phenomena found to increase in times of high stress or aggression (Laney & Takarangi, 2013;Saunders, 1991;Vrij, Hope, & Fisher, 2014). Adding to this issue, because violence in the NTE often serves as a symbolic means of status and masculinity validation, patrons may provide dramatized narratives and distorted self-presentational accounts of actual events (Collins, 2008;Hochstetler et al, 2014;Jackson-Jacobs, 2004).…”

Section: Self-reports: Surveys and Interviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing violence in the night-time economy: A review of established and emerging methodologies

Philpot

Liebst

Møller

et al. 2019

Aggression and Violent Behavior

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Night-time economy (NTE) leisure zones, while providing local economic growth and positive social experiences, are hotspots for urban public violence. Research aimed at better understanding and thus reducing this violence has employed a range of empirical methods: official records, self-reports, experiments, and observational techniques. In this paper, we review the applications of these methodologies for analyzing NTE violence on key research dimensions, including mapping incidents across time and space; interpreting the motivations and meaning of violence; identifying social psychological background variables and health consequences; and the ability to examine mid-violent interactions. Further, we assess each method in terms of reliability, validity, and the potential for establishing causal claims. We demonstrate that there are fewer and less established methodologies available for examining the interactional dynamics of NTE violence. Using real-life NTE bystander intervention as a case example, we argue that video-based behavioral analysis is a promising method to address this gap. Given the infancy and relative lack of exposure of the video observational method, we provide recommendations for scholars interested in adopting this technique.

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“…If consistent differences could be found between true and false memories, this would be a boon to forensic interviewing and the legal system generally. So far, researchers have looked for differences in confidence, detail, brain activity, consequentiality, longevity, language use, and emotional content (Bernstein, Laney, Morris, & Loftus, 2005;Lampinen, Meier, Arnal, & Leding, 2005;Laney, Bowman Fowler, Nelson, Bernstein, & Loftus, 2008;Laney & Takarangi, 2013;Sederberg et al, 2007;Vrij, 2005). So far, none of these analyses have produced useful (consistent, substantial) differences between true and false memories.…”

Section: False Memorymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In these false feedback studies the typical sample size is over 200, and approximately a third of experimental subjects form false beliefs or memories (with this proportion exceeding half for some items; Laney & Takarangi, 2013). These numbers allow researchers to compare the false memories of some subjects to the true (that is, consistently held from before any manipulation) memories of other subjects.…”

Section: False Memorymentioning

confidence: 98%