False Memories of Emotional and Neutral Words

Sharkawy, Jennifer El; Groth, Katarina; Vetter, Céline; Beraldi, Anna; Fast, Kristina

doi:10.1155/2008/587239

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Research that has teased apart the effects of negative and positive emotion on memory has revealed that negative emotion in particular is more likely to enhance the vividness of a memory (e.g., Mickley & Kensinger, 2009) and to increase the likelihood of endorsing an item (e.g., Budson et al, 2006; Dougal & Rotello, 2007; Sharkawy et al, 2008). Sometimes this effect of negative emotion seems to result from an influence on a person’s willingness to attribute an event to their past (Brainerd, Stein, Silveira, Rohenkohl, & Reyna, 2008; Dougal & Rotello, 2007), reflecting an influence on response bias rather than on memory accuracy.…”

Section: Emotional Content and The Retention Of Autobiographical Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion and autobiographical memory

Holland

Kensinger

2010

Physics of Life Reviews

421

229

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Autobiographical memory encompasses our recollections of specific, personal events. In this article, we review the interactions between emotion and autobiographical memory, focusing on two broad ways in which these interactions occur. First, the emotional content of an experience can influence the way in which the event is remembered. Second, emotions and emotional goals experienced at the time of autobiographical retrieval can influence the information recalled. We discuss the behavioral manifestations of each of these types of interactions and describe the neural mechanisms that may support those interactions. We discuss how findings from the clinical literature (e.g., regarding depression) and the social psychology literature (e.g., on emotion regulation) might inform future investigations of the interplay between the emotions experienced at the time of retrieval and the memories recalled, and we present ideas for future research in this domain.

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Section: Emotional Content and The Retention Of Autobiographical Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion and autobiographical memory

Holland

Kensinger

2010

Physics of Life Reviews

421

229

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Research has indicated an increase in overall memory performance for information with positive or negative emotional valence (Adelmann & Estes, 2013; Kensinger & Corkin, 2003). Furthermore, emotionality of word lists has also been found to increase false recognition in DRM tests (Howe, Candel, Otgaar, Malone, & Wimmer, 2010; Sharkawy, Groth, Vetter, Beraldi, & Fast, 2008), however possible differences arise between lists of negative and positive valence, with an increase in false recognition of negative word lists, and a decrease in false recognition of positive lists, relative to lists rated as neutral (Brainerd, Stein, Silveira, Rohenkohl & Reyna, 2008). The effect of emotionality on false recall is less clear.…”

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confidence: 99%

When does sleep affect veridical and false memory consolidation? A meta-analysis

Newbury

Monaghan

2018

Psychon Bull Rev

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It is widely accepted that sleep aids in the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval processes involved in memory processing; however, the conditions under which sleep influences memory may be substantially constrained. In a meta-analysis, we examined the effects that sleep has on both veridical (accurate) and false memory consolidation, in studies using the Deese/Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm for memory of thematically related words. The meta-analysis revealed that, whereas there was no overall effect of sleep on either accurate or false memories, the effect of sleep on overall memories was moderated by two constraints. First, sleep effects were influenced by the number of words within each themed word list, relating to differences in processing of the associative network of related words. Second, sleep effects were greater in recall than in recognition tests. Thus, whether sleep consolidation increased or decreased DRM veridical or false memory effects depended on the specific features of the memory task.

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“…Previous research has shown that a DRM effect can be observed when list items are associates of emotional critical lures, though the direction of the effect varies between studies. Some studies have shown that emotional DRM lists produce lower levels of false memory than neutral lists (e.g., Kensinger & Corkin, 2004;Palmer & Dodson, 2009;Pesta, Murphy, & Sanders, 2001), whereas others have shown that emotional lists lead to higher levels of false memory (e.g., Brainerd, Stein, Silveira, Rohenkohl, & Reyna, 2008;Dewhurst et al, 2012;El Sharkawy, Groth, Vetter, Beraldi, & Fast, 2008). These differences are likely due to the use of different lists (see Dewhurst et al for further discussion of this).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in susceptibility to false memories: The effect of memory specificity

Dewhurst

Anderson

Berry

et al. 2018

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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The Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, named after studies by Deese (1959) and Roediger and McDermott (1995), has been widely used to investigate the creation of false memories under controlled laboratory conditions. In this procedure, participants study lists of words (bed, rest, wake, etc.) that are semantic associates of a non-studied "critical lure" (e.g., sleep). When memory for the lists is then tested, participants show surprisingly high levels of false recall or false recognition of the critical lures. Roediger and McDermott found that levels of false recall exceeded the correct recall of items presented in the middle of the lists. In addition, the false recognition of critical lures was associated with high levels of confidence and the subjective experience of conscious recollection, as measured by "remember" responses (Tulving, 1985). The compelling nature of the DRM illusion has been demonstrated in many subsequent studies (see Gallo, 2010, for a review). A number of theoretical explanations of the DRM illusion have been proposed. According to activationmonitoring theory (Roediger, Watson, McDermott, & Gallo, 2001), critical lures are spontaneously activated in response to the items presented at study. When the critical lures are presented at test, participants make errors of source monitoring (Johnson, Hashtroudi, & Lindsay, 1993) and falsely claim that they were externally presented rather than internally generated. According to fuzzy-trace theory (see Brainerd, Reyna, & Ceci, 2008) participants encode two parallel traces of the items presented at study. Verbatim traces preserve contextual details of individual items, whereas gist traces represent the overall theme of a set of items. The DRM illusion occurs because the critical lures presented at test are consistent with the gist of the studied items. One surprising finding that has to be accounted for by any theory of false memory is the considerable individual variability in susceptibility to the DRM illusion. For example, elevated levels of false memories have been found in patients with frontal lobe damage (Melo, Winocur, & Moscovitch, 1999), whereas reduced levels of false

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False Memories of Emotional and Neutral Words

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

Emotion and autobiographical memory

Emotion and autobiographical memory

When does sleep affect veridical and false memory consolidation? A meta-analysis

Individual differences in susceptibility to false memories: The effect of memory specificity

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