False positive tests for ciguatera may derail efforts to control invasive lionfish

Wilcox, Christie; Hixon, Mark A.

doi:10.1007/s10641-014-0313-0

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…All the fish which tested positive by the RBA (F) were found to contain measureable amounts of ciguatoxin activity by the CBA-N2a. The confirmatory analysis of C-CTXs by LC-MS/MS in the fish samples proved that the toxicity determined by RBA (F) and CBA-N2a was not the result of similar compounds such as the proteinaceous scorpaenitoxin that can be found in lionfish [ 23 ]. Twenty-eight of the fish that tested negative for CTX activity by the RBA (F) were also analyzed using the CBA-N2a.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent Receptor Binding Assay for Detecting Ciguatoxins in Fish

et al. 2016

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Ciguatera fish poisoning is an illness suffered by > 50,000 people yearly after consumption of fish containing ciguatoxins (CTXs). One of the current methodologies to detect ciguatoxins in fish is a radiolabeled receptor binding assay (RBA(R)). However, the license requirements and regulations pertaining to radioisotope utilization can limit the applicability of the RBA(R) in certain labs. A fluorescence based receptor binding assay (RBA(F)) was developed to provide an alternative method of screening fish samples for CTXs in facilities not certified to use radioisotopes. The new assay is based on competition binding between CTXs and fluorescently labeled brevetoxin-2 (BODIPY®- PbTx-2) for voltage-gated sodium channel receptors at site 5 instead of a radiolabeled brevetoxin. Responses were linear in fish tissues spiked from 0.1 to 1.0 ppb with Pacific ciguatoxin-3C (P-CTX-3C) with a detection limit of 0.075 ppb. Carribean ciguatoxins were confirmed in Caribbean fish by LC-MS/MS analysis of the regional biomarker (C-CTX-1). Fish (N = 61) of six different species were screened using the RBA(F). Results for corresponding samples analyzed using the neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a) correlated well (R2 = 0.71) with those of the RBA(F), given the low levels of CTX present in positive fish. Data analyses also showed the resulting toxicity levels of P-CTX-3C equivalents determined by CBA-N2a were consistently lower than the RBA(F) affinities expressed as % binding equivalents, indicating that a given amount of toxin bound to the site 5 receptors translates into corresponding lower cytotoxicity. Consequently, the RBA(F), which takes approximately two hours to perform, provides a generous estimate relative to the widely used CBA-N2a which requires 2.5 days to complete. Other RBA(F) advantages include the long-term (> 5 years) stability of the BODIPY®- PbTx-2 and having similar results as the commonly used RBA(R). The RBA(F) is cost-effective, allows high sample throughput, and is well-suited for routine CTX monitoring programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent Receptor Binding Assay for Detecting Ciguatoxins in Fish

et al. 2016

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“…Briefly, specimens were thawed to room temperature and triplicate 5 g subsamples of flesh were removed, placed in a 50 mL conical falcon tube, and heated to 70°C for at least one hour. This step eliminated native fluorescence in the samples, which can interfere with signal to noise ratios of the RBA F , and eliminates the possibility of detecting false positives by denaturing any remnant lionfish venom in the flesh [ 25 ]. Ciguatoxins were extracted from each tissue sample with 7 mL of methanol by homogenizing with a finger sonicator (Q-Sonica, Q700, Newtown, Connecticut) for 1 minute.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of ciguatoxins in invasive lionfish from the greater caribbean region: Implications for fishery development

et al. 2018

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Lionfish, native to reef ecosystems of the tropical and sub-tropical Indo-Pacific, were introduced to Florida waters in the 1980s, and have spread rapidly throughout the northwestern Atlantic, Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. These invasive, carnivorous fish significantly reduce other fish and benthic invertebrate biomass, fish recruitment, and species richness in reef ecosystems. Fisheries resource managers have proposed the establishment of a commercial fishery to reduce lionfish populations and mitigate adverse effects on reef communities. The potential for a commercial fishery for lionfish is the primary reason to identify locations where lionfish accumulate sufficient amounts of ciguatoxin (CTX) to cause ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), the leading cause of non-bacterial seafood poisoning associated with fish consumption. To address this issue, an initial geographic assessment of CTX toxicity in lionfish from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico was conducted. Lionfish samples (n = 293) were collected by spearfishing from 13 locations (74 sampling sites) around the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico between 2012 and 2015. The highest frequencies of lionfish containing measurable CTX occurred in areas known to be high-risk regions for CFP in the central to eastern Caribbean (e.g., 53% British Virgin Islands and 5% Florida Keys). Though measurable CTX was found in some locations, the majority of the samples (99.3%) contained CTX concentrations below the United States Food and Drug Administration guidance level of 0.1 ppb Caribbean ciguatoxin-1 (C-CTX-1) equivalents (eq.). Only 0.7% of lionfish tested contained more than 0.1 ppb C-CTX-1 eq. As of 2018, there has been one suspected case of CFP from eating lionfish. Given this finding, current risk reduction techniques used to manage CTX accumulating fish are discussed.

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“…However, its consumption has been controversial because it is considered a potential health hazard, due to the presence of a toxin known as ciguatera. A scientific study demonstrated that its consumption does not pose any health risk because the toxin is deactivated by cooking the fish (Wilcox & Hixon, 2015). The LF poison is a protein toxin that becomes inactivated 30 min after the fish dies, and is located in the spines (not in the edible portion).…”

Section: __________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LF poison is a protein toxin that becomes inactivated 30 min after the fish dies, and is located in the spines (not in the edible portion). With good filleting, it does not pose any risk as long as it is well-cooked (Wilcox & Hixon, 2015). Because the muscle represents the most important edible portion of fish, the objective of this paper was to analyze the chemical composition of the LF muscle as part of one of the strategies to stimulate its consumption.…”

Section: __________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the chemical composition of the lionfish Pterois volitans as a food strategy for its control

Castro-González

Caballero-Vázquez

Guerra‐Infante

et al. 2019

LAJAR

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The lionfish is the first invasive species that came to the western Atlantic region to establish itself as an ecological and economic threat to coral ecosystems and commercially important consumption species. Fifteen specimens were collected in Quintana Roo, Mexico, to analyze the chemical composition of the lionfish (Pterois volitans) as a strategy to promote its consumption by the population. They were gutted, filleted, homogenized and chemically analyzed. The analyzed LF had an energetic protein content of 103.89 kcal 100 g-1 of the fillet (20.19%) and a fat percentage of 2.56%. The content of P, Ca, Na, K and Mg were 174.15, 26.09, 81.47, 339.73 and 30.27 mg 100 g-1 , respectively. The most abundant essential amino acid was lysine (12.98 g 100 g-1 protein). The present work is important because it reports that the LF could be used as food with the right quantity and quality of protein, and its consumption would diminish its environmental impact.

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False positive tests for ciguatera may derail efforts to control invasive lionfish

Cited by 11 publications

References 54 publications

Fluorescent Receptor Binding Assay for Detecting Ciguatoxins in Fish

Fluorescent Receptor Binding Assay for Detecting Ciguatoxins in Fish

Investigation of ciguatoxins in invasive lionfish from the greater caribbean region: Implications for fishery development

Analysis of the chemical composition of the lionfish Pterois volitans as a food strategy for its control

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