“…A substantial amount of literature agrees that students' perceptions about the school climate influence their civic and political knowledge, skills, values, and dispositions inside and outside the school context (Knowles et al, 2018). Existing research shows that students' perceptions of school climate influence, for instance, their school affection and academic achievement (Maxwell et al, 2017), school avoidance (Sobba, 2019), subjective wellbeing (Varela et al, 2019), bullying and aggression rates (Diazgranados & Noonan, 2015), and cyberbullying (Simão et al, 2017). Research also gives empirical evidence that when students have ongoing and significant opportunities to experience participatory, collaborative, and open school climates, they tend to display cognitions, values, and attitudes that are consistent with democratic processes, practices, and values, among them, self-efficacy (Manganelli et al, 2015), prosocial behaviors (Astuto & Ruck, 2010), perspective-taking, tolerance, trust (Flanagan et al, 2007), communication, cooperation, teamwork, and problem solving (Diazgranados & Noonan, 2015).…”