Familial Patterns of Prostate Cancer: A Case-Control Analysis

Spitz, Margaret R.; Currier, Robert D.; Fueger, John J.; Babaian, R. Joseph; Newell, Guy R.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38074-6

Cited by 184 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…22 These risk estimates are substantially lower than those from casecontrol studies, which ascertained data on family history retrospectively and may have overestimated risk. [23][24][25][26][27] Given that family history reflects not only shared genes but also shared environments and common behaviors, 14 lower risk estimates could in part result from less variability in the latter factors, particularly in a relatively homogeneous population such as in the present study. In this regard, it is interesting to note that having a family history of other cancers that do share some of the same risk factors with prostate cancer (i.e., red meat consumption with colorectal cancer) 28,29 was not associated with prostate cancer risk in our study, although 1 study reported that family history of breast cancer was associated with a prostate cancer relative risk of 1.7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Family history of prostate cancer and prostate cancer risk in the Alpha‐Tocopherol, Beta‐Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study

Ahn

Moslehi

Weinstein

et al. 2008

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Prostate cancer family history has been associated with increased risk of the malignancy. Most prior studies have been retrospective and subject to recall bias, however, and data evaluating interactions with other important risk factors are limited. We examined the relationship between a family history of prostate cancer and prostate cancer risk in relation to body size, micronutrients and other exposures in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study cohort of Finnish male smokers. Family history of cancer information was self-reported once during the study in 1991, and anthropometry was measured by trained personnel. Among 19,652 men with complete data, 1,111 incident cases were identified during up to 12.3 years of follow-up. A firstdegree family history of prostate cancer was associated with an overall relative risk (RR) of 1.91 (95% CI 5 1.49-2.47) and a RR of 4.16 (95% CI 5 2.67-6.49) for advanced disease (stage ‡ 3), adjusted for age and trial intervention. Our data also suggest that to some degree, height, body mass index, and serum a-tocopherol and b-carotene modify the family history and prostate cancer association, although the interactions were not statistically significant. Supplementation with vitamin E or b-carotene did not modify the family history-prostate cancer association. This study provides additional evidence that family history is a significant risk factor for prostate cancer. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.Key words: family history; prostate cancer; height; weight; atocopherol; retinol; b-carotene Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States. 1 Although little is known about the underlying causes of prostate cancer, family history of the disease has been consistently associated with increased risk. A recent meta-analysis estimated that a family history of prostate cancer in first-degree relatives was associated with a relative risk of 2.5 [3.5 for risk of early onset (<60 years old) disease]. 2 However, most existing studies are limited to retrospective case-control studies 3-7 and some existing cohort studies are based on family history probands. 8-10 Additionally, 2 prospective studies reported that associations between body mass index and prostate cancer were more pronounced among men with a positive family history, 11,12 but data evaluating interactions with other important prostate cancer risk factors are limited.Family history is an important public health screening tool for identification of high-risk groups, particularly in the post-genomic era with the discovery of inherited causes of many diseases including cancers. 13 Since prostate cancer is a result of complex genetic and environmental interactions, 14 family history can be a personalized genomic tool that captures many of these interactions 13 and is essential to individualized cancer prevention strategies. Thus, a...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Family history of prostate cancer and prostate cancer risk in the Alpha‐Tocopherol, Beta‐Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study

Ahn

Moslehi

Weinstein

et al. 2008

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…3,11,12 Men with a family history of prostate cancer have a higher risk of prostate cancer, and this is reflected in the high percentage of GPs in our study who PSA test men who have a relative with prostate cancer. 13 The frequency with which screening is performed was not formally assessed in our study. Screening is often carried out on an annual basis, but recent analysis has suggested that screening every 2 y may be sufficient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

PSA testing in general practice

Little

Gormley

et al. 2003

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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A questionnaire was sent to 400 general practitioners (GPs), concerning prostatespecific antigen (PSA) screening. Regarding the indications for PSA testing, 80% of GPs test men with urinary tract symptoms, 65% test men with a positive family history, 62% test on patient request, and 21% test men with unrelated symptoms. When PSA is measured, 91% of GPs inform their patient, and 71% discuss the significance of an abnormal result. The mean age range for PSA testing was from 50 years, without an upper age limit. The mode PSA threshold for referral was 6.6 ng/ml. De facto PSA screening appears to be widely practised.

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“…Several studies (Steinberg et al, 1990;Spitz et al, 1991) reported a higher rate of prostate cancer in family members of cases than in family members of controls. In our study, the difference in the number of brothers affected by the same malignant tumour could be the result of cases having more brothers than controls, although fathers, grandfathers and sons of cases more frequently had prostate cancer than the same relatives of controls; because the case group was not large enough, this association was not found to be an independent one.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case-control study of risk factors for prostate cancer

Ilic

Vlajinac²,

Marinković³

1996

Br J Cancer

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Summary One hundred and one patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer and 202 hospital controls individually matched by age (±2 years), hospital admittance and place of residence, were interviewed during the period 1990-94 in two towns in central Serbia (Yugoslavia). In an analysis using multivariate logistic regression, the followng factors were significantly related to prostate cancer: (1) occupational physical activity during the year preceding the disease [odds ratio (OR)= 3.87, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=2.09-7.16]; (2) occupational exposure to asbestos, steel, dyes and lacquers, bitumen, pitch, iron, nickel, lead, fertilizer and certain other agents (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.05-4.32); (3) nephrolithiasis (OR = 4.52, 95% CI = 1.34-15.30); (4) 'other' diseases in medical history such as chronic bronchitis, chronic rheumatic diseases, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus, renal diseases, eye diseases and tuberculosis (OR= 3.14, 95% CI=1.56-6.33); (5) a greater number (>3) of brothers (OR=2.08, 95% CI=1.35-3.22); and (6) greater numbers (> 8) of sexual partners (OR=2.24, 95% CI=1.13-4.44). Marital status, age at first marriage, educational level, age at first sexual intercourse, frequency of sexual intercourse, venereal diseases, tonsillectomy, appendectomy, hernia inguinale and hydrocele, anthropometric characteristics, smoking history, sport and recreational activities and family history of prostatic neoplasms were not found to be independently related to prostate cancer.

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Familial Patterns of Prostate Cancer: A Case-Control Analysis

Cited by 184 publications

References 10 publications

Family history of prostate cancer and prostate cancer risk in the Alpha‐Tocopherol, Beta‐Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study

Family history of prostate cancer and prostate cancer risk in the Alpha‐Tocopherol, Beta‐Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study

PSA testing in general practice

Case-control study of risk factors for prostate cancer

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