Familial prostate cancer: Outcome following radiation therapy with or without adjuvant androgen ablation

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of familial prostate cancer risk

“…HPC1 (1q24–q25), PCaP (1q42‐q43), HPCX (Xq27–q28), CAPB (1p36), HPC20 (20q13), HPC2/ECAC2 (17p11) and 10q25 [32–40], but confirmatory studies at these loci have produced discordant results. Although an autosomal dominant model has been shown to provide the best model of the familial aggregation of prostate cancer in many studies [41–46], some analyses suggest that multiple alleles, each conferring modest risks such as RNASEL variants [47], may be responsible for most inherited disease [48]. The involvement of low‐penetrance alleles whose effect may be modified by environmental effects, together with locus heterogeneity, provides an explanation for the difficulties with identifying a gene through linkage.…”

“…However, the conclusion that prostate‐cancer screening applied to the general population is cost‐effective is contentious [46,47]. Most studies have found no evidence for a significant difference between familial and sporadic forms of prostate cancer in terms of either clinicopathological features, response to treatment, or outcome [48–51]. Given the increased risk of the disease in men with a father or brother with early‐onset disease (defined by an age of onset of < 60 years, or with two affected first‐degree relatives) screening these men should increase the yield and might prove to be a cost‐effective strategy.…”