WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Asthma disparities exist, with Latino children of Caribbean descent at risk for poor disease control. Controller medications reduce symptoms; however, medication adherence remains suboptimal. Identifying what factors predict poor medication adherence in at-risk groups could identify important treatment targets.
WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This study is the first to assess objective rates of medication use among children with asthma in Puerto Rico. Findings suggest that interventions incorporating family resources and addressing parental beliefs about medications may be of benefit across cultural groups. abstract OBJECTIVE: Latino children of Caribbean descent remain at high risk for poorly controlled asthma. Controller medications improve asthma control; however, medication adherence remains suboptimal, particularly among minorities. This study assessed socioeconomic, familybased, and parent factors in medication adherence among children with asthma from Rhode Island (RI; Latino and non-Latino white [NLW]) and Puerto Rico.
METHODS:Data collection occurred as part of a multicenter study of asthma disparities. Our sample included children (ages 7-16) prescribed objectively monitored controller medications (n = 277; 80 island Puerto Rico, 114 RI Latino, 83 RI NLW). Parents completed questionnaires regarding family background and beliefs about medications. Families participated in an interview regarding asthma management. Multilevel analyses (maximum likelihood estimates) accounting for children being nested within site and ethnic group assessed the contribution of social context, family, and parent variables to medication adherence.
RESULTS:Medication adherence differed by ethnic group (F 2, 271 = 7.46, P , .01), with NLW families demonstrating the highest levels of adherence. Multilevel models indicated that parental beliefs about medication necessity and family organization regarding medication use were significant predictors of adherence, even for families below the poverty threshold. With family factors in the model, a substantial improvement in model fit occurred (Akaike Information Criterion change of 103.45).CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to controller medications was lower among Latino children in our sample. Targeted interventions that capitalize on existing family resources, emphasize structure, and address parental beliefs about the importance of medications may be of benefit to families from different cultural backgrounds.