Family Expectation and Poverty Alleviation Program: Approaches to Family Development Laws, Sustainable Development Goals, and Maqāṣid Sharīa

Abstract

This research intends to evaluate Family Expectation Program to alleviate poverty through the lens of Population and Family Development Laws, Sustainable Development Goals, and Maqāṣid Sharīa. Poverty becomes a problem in human life and brings implications for individual and social lives. This condition has made the United Nations initiate the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program, which among others, aims to alleviate poverty worldwide. As a member country of the United Nations, Indonesia welcomes this initiative by preparing several national poverty alleviation programs, including Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH)/ Conditional Cash Transfer Program. This study used a qualitative research approach with a case study and multi-site design to evaluate this program. Through the study locus in Tulungagung and Trenggalek Regencies, East Java, the results of this study indicate that the PKH program in the two locations is following the objectives of Islamic law, including the protection of religion (hifẓ al- dīn), the protection of human soul and body (hifẓ al-nafs), the protection of wealth (hifẓ al-māl), the protection of mind (intelligence) (hifẓ al-'aql), the protection of lineage (hifẓ al-nasl), and the protection of honor (hifẓ al-'irḍ). The results of this research hopefully contribute to setting up the poverty alleviation-based -government policies through family development programs to pursue Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) based on the values of maqāṣid sharīa.Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi terhadap Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) dalam mengentaskan kemiskinan melalui pendekatan Undang-Undang Perkembangan Kependudukan dan Pembangunan Keluarga, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), dan maqāṣid sharīa. Kondisi kemiskinan telah menjadi masalah dalam kehidupan manusia dan berimplikasi terhadap kehidupan individu maupun sosial. Kondisi ini membuat PBB menginisiasi program Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) yang antara lain bertujuan untuk mengentaskan kemiskinan di seluruh dunia. Sebagai salah satu negara anggota PBB, Indonesia menyambut positif inisiasi ini dengan menyiapkan beberapa program pengentasan kemiskinan yang dijalankan secara nasional, antara lain Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH). Sebagai upaya evaluasi Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) dalam pengentasan kemiskinan, kajian ini merupakan kajian dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus dan rancangan multisitus. Melalui lokus kajian di Kabupaten Tulungagung dan Trenggalek Provinsi Jawa Timur, hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa program PKH di kedua lokasi tersebut sesuai dengan tujuan syariat Islam antara lain perlindungan terhadap agama (hifẓ al- dīn), jiwa dan raga (hifẓ al-nafs), harta (hifẓ al-māl) , kecerdasan (hifẓ al-'aql), keturunan (hifẓ al-nasl), dan kehormatan (hifẓ al-'irḍ). Melalui kajian ini, berkontribusi membantu pemerintah dalam perumusan kebijakan yang berorientasi pada pengentasan kemiskinan melalui program pembangunan keluarga sebagai upaya mewujudkan Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) berbasis nilai-nilai maqāṣid sharīa.

Assessing Women's Rights in Pakistan: An Analysis of Legal & Social Challenges with Potential Solutions

“…Women's rights are an essential aspect of human rights and are recognized by international law (TARIQ, 2017).International human rights treaties, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, establish women's rights and set standards for their protection. Promoting and protecting women's rights is critical for ensuring gender equality, empowering women, and promoting human dignity (Astutik, Nur, & Mashuri, 2022). Women's rights are essential for building strong and inclusive societies and advancing sustainable development (Ahmad et al, 2012).…”

Appraisal of Poverty Alleviation from A Legal Perspective for Sustainable Development Goals: A Review Article

“…Compared to males, women in Pakistan are more likely to live in poverty due to a lack of access to education and training opportunities, discrimination in the workplace, and a lack of control over their economic destinies (Astutik et al, 2022;Hossain, 2019). Because the poor depend on natural resources, they are also more likely to be affected by environmental degradation and the loss of natural resources.…”

“…Poverty may seem like a single mistake, but it significantly affects social norms and leads to many other errors. Consequently, we may conclude that practical anti-poverty efforts may reduce the frequency of other significant crimes associated with poverty and that these crimes may be regarded as related crimes of poverty (Astutik et al, 2022). Theft, extortion, human trafficking, robbery, dacoity, drug abuse, drugs, prostitution, child labor, selling kids, selling human organs, paid killing, terrorist attacks, cybercrimes, Etc., are all related to criminal activity.…”

“…Islam promotes the basic notion of "maslahah" (public interest), which aims to offer sustainable prosperity in people's lives, ensuring that they have all they are legally entitled to and everything they need to live a happy and healthy life. Random increase in population is a cause of poverty (Astutik et al, 2022;Hossain, 2019). An overview of the population growth in Pakistan can be seen as mentioned below, based on data extracted from the website source of the world bank (Ashraf, 2017;Development Bank, 2002).…”

“…If we look at the Pakistani graphic, we can see how institutional systems are creating personal preferences (Astutik et al, 2022). Institutions are trying to work together to protect their employees in the future, but this is tearing society apart.…”