Background Most of the studies have indicated that various programmes were failing due to lack of appropriate information, education, and communication [IEC] to the target audiences. But still unanswered that which methods or means of communication could be the most powerful for changing behaviour, decision making,and or desired action. The paper aims to assess the effects of IEC on the enrollment of health insurance in Nepal.Methods A cross-sectional study, with randomly selected 810 [405 enrolled and 405 not-enrolled] households, was conducted at Baglung and Kailali districts of Nepal in 2018 using pretested structured interview tool. Background characteristics of family and respondents, and exposure to the means of communication were independent variables; and enrollment of health insurance was the dependent variable. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were done to interpret the data.Results Data show that socio-demographics and exposure to communication were associated with the enrollment of health insurance. Demographic characteristics of the respondents and households particularly household head, age, wealth status, ability to feed the family, and presence of chronic diseases in the family were significantly associated with the enrollment of health insurance. Similarly, exposure to communication and media such as knowledge on health insurance and contribution amount of health insurance, having health insurance related books or guidelines, participation in training and workshop, discussion with peers and neighbours, exposure to health insurance related messages from radio and television, seen hoarding board, newspaper, and health insurance related pamphlet, brochure, and posters were significantly associated with enrollment in health insurance. Knowledge about health insurance and contribution amount, having health insurance related books and guidelines, and discussion with peers and neighbours appeared to be the positive and significant predictors for enrollment in health insurance scheme.Conclusion Communication and interaction with peers and neighbours about health insurance scheme of the government could lead to higher participation in health insurance programme. It would be better to incorporate this strategy while planning policies and interventions on health insurance.