Family policy in comparative perspective: The concepts and measurement of familization and defamilization

Abstract

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Work and Care Opportunities under Different Parental Leave Systems: Gender and Class Inequalities in Northern Europe

“…Estonia mirrors the Danish leave system (but with longer paid leave), providing more opportunity for a dual‐earner than a dual‐carer family model. This supports Lohmann and Zagel's () locating Estonia in the Nordic cluster. Lithuania, however, exemplifies how a national policy may constrain parents’ real opportunities in different ways.…”

“…However, despite their geographical proximity and shared reputation for high female employment, their family policies have not been systematically compared with those in an established cluster of the Nordic welfare state regime. Few earlier studies that include this group report contradictory findings, either separating the Nordics from the Baltics (Ciccia and Bleijenbergh ) or grouping Estonia into the Nordic cluster but not Latvia (Lohmann and Zagel ). Interestingly, however, the Nordic states but also Lithuania and Estonia are considered to have the best parental leave policies in the world (Waller ).…”

Tax, Social Policy and Gender: Rethinking equality and efficiency

“…A gender-equitable approach requires quality care services for children and the elderly and universal and adequate child/family allowances and tax benefits, paid and unpaid parental leave policies, and changes to the social and economic institutions for work and care to distribute the economic burdens of care of dependants more equally between men and women (Lohmann and Zagel 2016). Such policies require a strong public revenue base, and understanding of the gendered effects of fiscal and labour market policies, as well as how tax-transfer and labour market policies shape and constrain women's (and men's) paid and unpaid work.…”

An investigation of defamilization/familization measures to assist women to save pension income and strengthen the adult worker model—The case of Hong Kong

“…There has been increasing concern about how to guarantee women sufficient opportunities to choose between providing care for the family and developing their career (Bambra, ; Kröger, ; Lohmann & Zagel, ; Saraceno, ). Whether they have opportunities to exercise these choices not only affects the quality of their working life, but also their income in retirement (Chau et al., ; Ginn, ).…”