Family Size Effects: A Review

Wagner, Mazie Earle; Schubert, Herman J. P.; Schubert, Daniel

doi:10.1080/00221325.1985.9923449

Cited by 52 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Thus, it may be that mothers who are employed full time are less likely than other mothers to realize that their teens are sexually active. Similarly, large family size tends to be associated with decreased opportunities for parentchild interactions with a given child (Hetherington & Parke, 1993) and less parental supervision (e.g., Wagner, Schubert, & Schubert, 1985). This decreased monitoring, in turn, may limit a mother's awareness of her teen's sexual activity.…”

Section: Parent-teen Congruence In Reports Of Adolescent Sexual Behaviormentioning

confidence: 93%

Parent-Adolescent Congruency in Reports of Adolescent Sexual Behavior and in Communications about Sexual Behavior

Jaccard¹,

Dittus²,

Gordon³

1998

Child Development

100

118

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Agreement between mothers' and adolescents' reports of communication about sex, satisfaction with the parent-child relationship, maternal disapproval of adolescent sexual activity, and adolescent sexual behavior was investigated in a sample of 745 African American adolescents (ages 14-17) and their mothers. Congruence between the 2 sets of reports tended to be low. Adolescent perceptions and reports were found to be more predictive of adolescent sexual behavior than maternal reports. Mothers tended to underestimate the sexual activity of their teens and teens tended to underestimate their mother's level of disapproval of their engaging in sexual activity. Reasons for these misperceptions were explored.

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Section: Parent-teen Congruence In Reports Of Adolescent Sexual Behaviormentioning

confidence: 93%

Parent-Adolescent Congruency in Reports of Adolescent Sexual Behavior and in Communications about Sexual Behavior

Jaccard¹,

Dittus²,

Gordon³

1998

Child Development

100

118

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show abstract

“…Cohen & Brook, 1987;Compas & Williams, 1990;Thomson, Hanson, & McLanahan, 1994). Larger families may experience greater demands on resources and less individual parental attention for each child, and the number of children in a family has been found to relate to academic achievement and delinquent behaviors (Wagner, Schubert, & Schubert, 1985). The mother's age at the time of childbirth also has been found to predict children's psychological problems (Brooks-Gunn & Furstenberg, 1986).…”

Section: Demographic Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting developmental outcomes at school entry using a multiple-risk model: Four American communities.

Greenberg

Lengua²,

Coie³

et al. 1999

Developmental Psychology

214

178

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The contributions of different risk factors in predicting children's psychological and academic outcomes at the end of 1st grade were examined. Using a regression model, levels of ecobehavioral risk were assessed in the following order: specific demographics, broad demographics, family psychosocial status, mother's depressive symptoms, and neighborhood quality. Participants were 337 families from 4 American communities. Predictor variables were assessed in kindergarten, and teacher, parent, and child outcomes (behavioral and academic) were assessed at the end of 1st grade. Results indicated that (a) each level of analysis contributed to prediction of most outcomes, (b) 18%-29% of the variance was predicted in outcomes, (c) a common set of predictors predicted numerous outcomes, (d) ethnicity showed little unique prediction, and (e) the quality of the neighborhood showed small but unique prediction to externalizing problems.From an ecological perspective (Bronfenbrenner, 1979), early childhood development occurs within the multiple contexts of the home, the school, and the neighborhood, and aspects of these environments can contribute to the development of adjustment problems. Thus, the study of adjustment must be embedded in analyses of the contextual risks to which children are exposed (Sameroff & Seifer, 1990). Risk factors such as low socioeconomic status (SES); single-parent family status; ethnic minority status; family history of psychological, substance use, and legal problems; marital discord; and lack of social support have all been shown to be related to an increased likelihood of psychological problems in children (Liaw & Brooks-Gunn, 1994;Sameroff, Seifer, Barocas, Zax, & Greenspan, 1987; Yoshikawa, 1994).Not all children raised in such contexts develop adjustment problems, however (Cowen et al., 1992), and no one factor alone accounts for children's adjustment problems (Sameroff & Seifer, 1990). Studies of multiple risk factors indicate that an increase in the number of risk factors experienced by a child results in an increased likelihood of that child developing adjustment NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript problems (Rutter, 1979). Therefore, in predicting children's psychological adjustment, it is important to consider the effects of multiple risk factors within a theoretical model. Indeed, all risk factors do not have equivalent meaning, and they may represent varying levels of conceptualization. In the present study, the combined effects of demographic, family psychosocial, and neighborhood risk factors on children's development were examined in families from four American communities. The present study involved a test of the hierarchical and unique contributions of three major dimensions of social context on the behavioral, academic, and psychological outcomes of a culturally and geographically diverse combination of child populations. Demographic Risk FactorsLow family SES places children at risk. Children in low-SES families demonstrate higher l...

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“…However, birth-order and family-size differences have been found in other outcomes, like achievement, which may be affected more easily by female characteristics. Specifically, later-born children have been found to show lower levels of achievement (Bernstein & Grambs, 1976;Cherian, 1990;Forehand, et al, 1986) and lower ability (Polit & Falbo, 1988) than firstborn children; and children from small and moderate-sized families have shown hlgher achievement (Cherian, 1791;Wagner, et a/., 1985) and higher abihty (Poolit & Falbo, 1988) than children from large f a d e s .…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Birth Order and Family Size: Influences on Adolescents' Achievement and Related Parenting Behaviors

Sputa

Paulson

1995

Psychol Rep

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The purposes of this study were to confirm birth-order and family-size differences in achievement, to confirm birth-order and family-size differences in parenting, and to examine whether parenting style and parental involvement serve as mediators of birth-order and family-size differences in achievement. Subjects were 195 ninth-grade boys and girls and their parents from urban, suburban, and rural communities in the southeast and the midwest. Questionnaire measures of adolescents' and parents' perceptions of parenting style and parental involvement were used. Birth-order and family-size differences were found in adolescents' achievement and perceptions of parenting style and parental involvement but not in parents' perceptions of parenting. However, these parenting characteristics did not mediate the differences seen in achievement by birth order and family size. Implications of these findings are discussed.

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Family Size Effects: A Review

Cited by 52 publications

References 56 publications

Parent-Adolescent Congruency in Reports of Adolescent Sexual Behavior and in Communications about Sexual Behavior

Parent-Adolescent Congruency in Reports of Adolescent Sexual Behavior and in Communications about Sexual Behavior

Predicting developmental outcomes at school entry using a multiple-risk model: Four American communities.

Birth Order and Family Size: Influences on Adolescents' Achievement and Related Parenting Behaviors

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