Far-infrared/millimetre emission in 3C sources

Andreani, P.; Fosbury, R. A. E.; Bemmel, Ilse van; Freudling, W.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011509

Cited by 21 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…3C 268.4: Our FIR fluxes at 90 and 170 µm are similar to those reported by Andreani et al (2002), but they are surprisingly high for a quasar at z ≈ 1.4. Therefore we checked for the presence of other nearby galaxies.…”

Section: Notes On Some Individual Sources 3c 274 (M 87)supporting

confidence: 87%

“…3C 313: The FIR flux reported by Andreani et al (2002) is due to a misidentification, actually the ISO observations refer to IRAS F15086+0801 ( 3C 313).…”

Section: Notes On Some Individual Sources 3c 274 (M 87)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…papers: Lilly & Longair (1984), Spinrad et al (1985), Laing et al (1983), Lilly et al (1985), Neugebauer et al (1987), Simpson et al (2000) and de Vaucouleurs et al (1991) at optical and NIR wavelengths, Chini et al (1989a,b), Steppe et al (1988Steppe et al ( , 1992Steppe et al ( , 1993, Robson et al (1998), Hughes et al (1993), Best et al (1998), van Bemmel et al (2000, Polletta et al (2000), Archibald et al (2001), Willott et al (2002), Andreani et al (2002) and Stevens et al (1998) at mm wavelengths, and at radio wavelengths from Jodrell-Bank Web pages (at http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/atlas/), Kühr et al (1981), Kellermann et al (1989) and Akujor et al (1994).…”

Section: Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ISOPHOT - MAMBO survey of 3CR radio sources: Further evidence for the unified schemes

Haas

Muller²,

Bertoldi

et al. 2004

A&A

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Abstract. We present the complete set of ISOPHOT observations of 3CR radio galaxies and quasars, which are contained in the ISO Data Archive, providing 75 mid-and far-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) between 5 and 200 µm. For 28 sources they are supplemented with MAMBO 1.2 mm observations and for 15 sources with new submillimetre data from the SCUBA archive. The sample includes flat and steep spectrum quasars, broad and narrow line radio galaxies, as well as Fanaroff-Riley FR 1 and FR 2 types. The SED shapes exhibit a diversity in the infrared (IR), ranging from a smooth dominating synchrotron component in flat spectrum sources to a thermal dust bump around 60−100 µm in steep spectrum sources. The detection rate of a thermal bump in more than 50% of the cases suggests that dust emission may be a general phenomenon in these sources. We check the orientation-dependent unified scheme, in which the powerful FR 2 narrow line galaxies are quasars viewed at high inclination, so that their nuclei are hidden behind a dust torus intercepting the optical-ultraviolet AGN radiation and reemitting it in the infrared. We find that (1) both the quasars and the galaxies show a high mid-to far-infrared luminosity ratio typical for powerful AGNs and (2) -when matched in 178 MHz luminosity -both show the same ratio of isotropic farinfrared to isotropic 178 MHz lobe power. Therefore, from our large sample investigated here we find strong evidence for the orientation-dependent unification of the powerful FR 2 galaxies with the quasars. The distribution of the dust-to-lobe luminosity ratio shows a dispersion which we suggest to be most likely due to the additional influence of evolution and environment superposed on the orientation-dependent unification. We discuss our data also in the frame of the receding torus model. At the high 178 MHz luminosities of our sources above 10 26.5 W/Hz we do not find any support for this model in its original formulation and therefore we propose a refinement: The scale height of the torus might not be independent of luminosity, rather it may increase at high luminosities due to the impact of supernovae from starbursts accompanying the AGN phenomena.

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Section: Notes On Some Individual Sources 3c 274 (M 87)supporting

confidence: 87%

“…3C 313: The FIR flux reported by Andreani et al (2002) is due to a misidentification, actually the ISO observations refer to IRAS F15086+0801 ( 3C 313).…”

Section: Notes On Some Individual Sources 3c 274 (M 87)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ISOPHOT - MAMBO survey of 3CR radio sources: Further evidence for the unified schemes

Haas

Muller²,

Bertoldi

et al. 2004

A&A

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“…This spectrum can also be fitted by a parabolic function, which is found to be a good approximation (Landau et al 1986;Andreani et al 2002;Leipski et al 2009). Both type of fits and the nuclear mid-infrared luminosity of log νL ν = 41.8 erg s −1 found by (Martel et al 1999), and some contain high molecular gas masses as deduced from high resolution CO maps (Okuda et al 2005;Das et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Landau et al 1986;Andreani et al 2002;Leipski et al 2009). The values of the curvatures and the goodness of fit, as indicated by the reduced χ 2 parameter, are listed in Table 4.…”

Section: The Nature Of the Mid-infrared Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust tori in radio galaxies

Wolk¹,

Barthel²,

Peletier³

et al. 2010

A&A

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Aims. We investigate the quasar -radio galaxy unification scenario and detect dust tori within radio galaxies of various types. Methods. Using VISIR on the VLT, we acquired sub-arcsecond (∼0.40 ) resolution N-band images, at a wavelength of 11.85 μm, of the nuclei of a sample of 27 radio galaxies of four types in the redshift range z = 0.006−0.156. The sample consists of 8 edge-darkened, low-power Fanaroff-Riley class I (FR-I) radio galaxies, 6 edge-brightened, class II (FR-II) radio galaxies displaying low-excitation optical emission, 7 FR-IIs displaying high-excitation optical emission, and 6 FR-II broad emission line radio galaxies. Out of the sample of 27 objects, 10 nuclei are detected and several have constraining non-detections at sensitivities of 7 mJy, the limiting flux a point source has when detected with a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 in one hour of source integration. Results. On the basis of the core spectral energy distributions of this sample we find clear indications that many FR-I and several low-excitation FR-II radio galaxies do not contain warm dust tori. At least 57 ± 19 percent of the high-excitation FR-IIs and almost all of the broad line radio galaxies exhibit excess infrared emission, which must be attributed to warm dust reradiating accretion activity. The FR-I and low-excitation FR-II galaxies are all of low efficiency, which is calculated as the ratio of bolometric to Eddington luminosity L bol /L Edd < 10 −3 . This suggests that thick tori are absent at low accretion rates and/or low efficiencies. The high-excitation FR-II galaxies are a mixed population with three types of nuclei: 1) low efficiency with dust torus; 2) low efficiency with weakly emitting dust torus; and 3) high efficiency with weak dust torus. We argue that the unification viewing angle range 0-45 degrees of quasars should be increased to ∼60 degrees, at least at lower luminosities.

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Masses of distant radio galaxies: A coherent view for evolution and origin

Rocca‐Volmerange¹

2006

Astron Nachr

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Far-infrared/millimetre emission in 3C sources

Cited by 21 publications

References 41 publications

The ISOPHOT - MAMBO survey of 3CR radio sources: Further evidence for the unified schemes

The ISOPHOT - MAMBO survey of 3CR radio sources: Further evidence for the unified schemes

Dust tori in radio galaxies

Masses of distant radio galaxies: A coherent view for evolution and origin

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