The efficiency of a multifunctional grassland depends on well balanced goals. However, the more services are demanded from grassland the more likely are goal conflicts and trade-offs (Isselstein and Kayser, 2012;Isselstein and Kayser, 2014).The frame conditions for grassland management can change due to agricultural political targets, market processes, cost structures, technological process and climate change on a regional scale. These factors can intensify goal conflicts and compromise sustainable, multifunctional grassland farming (Dabbert and Krimly, 2004;Soussana and Lüscher, 2007; Peeters, 2008). Therefore, it makes sense to evaluate grassland farming and grassland management practices on a regional and on a farm scale in order to development sophisticated adaption strategies for a sustainable grassland management.An assessment of grassland farming systems by quantitative indicators for the sustainability of production system can also be helpful (Taube and Wachendorf, 2004, van Passel et al., 2006, Treyse et al 2008. This approach would include investigations on productivity and nutrient fluxes on different levels and in different production systems (Schröder et al., 2003;Rotz et al., 2005).Furthermore, climate change is supposed to change the productivity of grassland (yields and nutritional quality) (Lüscher et al., 2005; Hopkins and Del Prado, 2007). The impact of climate change on grassland depends on the botanical composition of the sward and can be modified by fertilization and other management practices (Harmens et al., 2002).Climate change can have differed effects on grasslands: elevated CO2 concentrations will generally increase grassland productivity while predicted less precipitation, especially during summer periods, might lead to drought periods resulting in smaller yields; more rainfall in winter can lead to waterlogging on sensitive soils (e.g. Thornley and Cannell, 1997; Dukes et al., 2005).
The NaLaMa-nt ProjectThe investigations in the context of this dissertation were conducted within the scope of the joint research project NaLaMa-nT: Sustainable land management in the North German Plain. The aim of the project was to establish a knowledge and decisions basis