Farming in the Era of Internet of Things: An Information System Architecture for Smart Farming

Abstract

The Internet of Things and associated smart products are finding application in evermore domains. Within agriculture it is described under the term smart farming. Using smart products allows farmers to automatically record relevant information, monitor operating procedures or remotely control machines. To make these capabilities usable for added value, not only smart products but entire information systems that align to the domain and its requirements are necessary. Within the literature, various architectures can be found already. However, many lack a methodical foundation or an abstraction of application cases and technology. Against this background, the article presents an information system architecture independent of application cases or technology and oriented toward the domain of smart farming. Starting point of the development is a systematic literature review, based on Webster and Watson [1] in combination with Vom Brocke [2, 3], based on 18 existing architecture approaches that are analyzed and aggregated.

Health in the Era of the Internet of Things: A Domain-Specific Modelling Language

“…In the first step, the essential components of the language, their dependencies and the corresponding modeling rules were defined as abstract syntax in the form of a metamodel (Figure 1) [6]. The extraction ,aggregation of the corresponding concepts and also the development of the meta model were carried out and published in a preliminary study [27] based on an exploratory literature analysis of more than 6000 publications and the aggregation of 55 architecture approaches based on Webster and Watson [31], in combination with Vom Brocke et al [30].…”

“…In addition to smart products and services, the syntax offers a wide range of different data types, making it possible not only to model abstract data flows, but also to specify exactly which data have been generated or exchanged, thus increasing the quality of the model itself. Abstract syntax [27] his blood pressure in the morning and in the evening with a compatible blood pressure monitor (1). He manually enriches his vital data with information not measurable by the devices, such as his weight or current state of mind, using the Corrie Health app (2).…”

Information Systems in the Era of the Internet of Things: A Domain-Specific Modelling Language

“…In the first step, the essential components of the language, their dependencies, and the corresponding modeling rules were defined as abstract syntax in the form of a metamodel [9]. The meta-model development is based on two independently conducted and published preliminary studies within the domains of smart agriculture [29] and smart health [30]. In each study, a domain-specific information system architecture was developed based on an exploratory literature analysis of more than 6500 publications (6024 Health / 547 Agriculture) and the aggregation of more than 90 domain-specific architecture approaches (55 Health / 37 Agriculture), according to Webster and Watson [34] in combination with Vom Brocke et al [33].…”

A Systematic Survey on the Role of Cloud, Fog, and Edge Computing Combination in Smart Agriculture

“…The integration of modern technologies with agriculture achieves the objectives of smart agriculture such as efficiency, sustainability, and availability [ 11 ], increased production, water-saving, better quality, reduced costs, pest detection, and animal health [ 12 , 13 ]. The other aims are to increase the reliability of spatially explicit data [ 5 ], make agriculture more profitable for the farmer [ 5 ], and offer the farmer the option of actively intervening in processes or controlling them [ 14 ]. Moreover, big data analysis is another goal of smart farming.…”