Farming in the Republic of Tatarstan: Its Role in the Agricultural Business System and Development Trend

One of the determining conditions for competitive domestic agricultural production in foreign markets is the technical and technological modernization of the industry. However, despite the significance of the problem, over the past two decades, a stable trend of reduction in the number of employees in agricultural organizations in Russia has developed for all types of agricultural machinery. The highest rates of reduction in agricultural machinery were observed until 2010, and in subsequent periods the downward trend has significantly decreased. At the same time, it is not entirely correct to assess the current situation unambiguously, since the reduction in the fleet of machinery and equipment in agricultural organizations is due to certain objective circumstances and conditions: the area of cultivated land and cultivation of specific crops has decreased; the number of animals has decreased; the technical means used have become more energy-intensive and productive, which is especially important in the context of a shortage of personnel in rural areas. In 2018-2022 the production of domestic agricultural machinery in value terms increased by almost 2.5 times, while in physical terms the changes are insignificant. At the same time, domestic mechanical engineering practically does not produce machinery and equipment for pig farming, poultry farming, milk processing, potato harvesters, beet harvesting equipment, equipment for gardening, vegetable growing. As a result of the outstripping rate of disposal of agricultural machinery and equipment over the rate of their production and replenishment, the energy capacity of the industry is declining. The sanctions imposed on the Russian economy have led to increased risks of non-receipt of critical components and spare parts; disruption of stable logistics and distribution chains that have functioned for a long time, their rise in price; revision of contract terms, failure to meet delivery deadlines. Sanctions against the use of foreign high technologies used in precision farming, genetics, selection, enterprise management, etc. have a negative impact on the development of the agro-industrial complex.

Material and Technical Support of Agriculture: State, Problems, Improvement Directions

Zakharova,

Safiullin,

Rakhmatullina

et al. 2024

Retrospective Analysis of Sugar Production in Post-Soviet Countries

Loseva,

Klychova,

Fakhretdinova

2024

The sugar industry in a number of republics of former members of the USSR ceased to exist, and in some it significantly reduced the volume of sugar production. One of the reasons for development problems is the high level of competition among world industry leaders. An analysis of international statistics since 1961 shows that Brazil accounts for about 20% of world sugar production, followed by India, the European Union, China and Thailand. At the same time, in the period from 1961 to 1991, the USSR provided from 5.8 to 16.4% of the world volume. Currently, the share of the largest producers of the post-Soviet space in global sugar production - Russia and Belarus - is less than 4%. The degradation of the sugar industry in the countries of former members of the USSR is caused, first of all, by a decrease in the size of the area occupied by sugar beets. If in 1992 the total area of the countries was 3.1 million hectares, then after 30 years this figure decreased to 1.5 million hectares (by 51%). Thus, in post-Soviet countries, the raw material base of the sugar industry has been largely lost; processors are forced to switch to a full supply of imported raw materials, or to completely curtail production. The volume of sugar production in Ukraine is decreasing from 3647 thousand tons in 1992 to 1416 thousand tons in 2021, and in Russia there is a progressive increase (2538 thousand tons in 1992 and 5902 thousand tons in 2021) . By 2022, the Republic of Belarus will increase its share in the post-Soviet space to almost 7%. Further development may be facilitated by a decrease in sugar production in the European Union, an increase in global demand for sugar, as well as the growing interest of biofuel producers in sugar cane, which frees up space in the world market for production based on sugar beets.

The Role and Importance of Agriculture in Ensuring the Economic and Social Stability of Society (On the Example of the Republic of Tatarstan)

Gaynutdinov,

Mukhametgaliev,

Khismatullin

et al. 2024

Agriculture plays a critical role in ensuring the economic and social stability of society, since the production of domestic agricultural products and their provision to the needs of the population creates the basis for food security, jobs, contributes to the development of rural areas and influences the economic growth of the country. The cost and natural indicators of the development of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Tatarstan, its effectiveness show ambiguous trends. Thus, the value of gross agricultural output in the republic for 2018-2023 increased with an annual growth rate of 22.88 billion rubles. However, the natural volumes of crop production are decreasing, while the production of the main types of livestock products, on the contrary, has a growth trend. The level of profitability of crop production is decreasing, while livestock production has increased slightly. In general, the provision of the main agricultural products in the republic remains stably high. But this result is achieved through the use of internal reserves of agricultural enterprises, which can be exhausted, since the existing profitability in the main branches of agriculture does not allow conducting economic activity at the level of self-sufficiency. The socio-economic efficiency of agriculture in the region remains at a fairly low level, which is reflected in a further decrease in the rural population, birth rate and excess of mortality over birth rate in rural areas and, as a consequence, in the aging of the rural population. A way out of this situation may be a change in macroeconomic policy within the country aimed at ensuring the growth of investment in the innovative development of industries of the real sector of the economy.