Farnesol and <i>Candida albicans</i>: Quorum Sensing or Not Quorum Sensing?

Krom, Bastiaan P.; Levy, Niva; Meijler, Michaël M.; Jabra‐Rizk, Mary Ann

doi:10.1002/ijch.201500025

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…It was proven in Bacillus subtilis , using a farnesol-production deficient mutant and seeing recovery of wild-type functions by the addition of exogenous farnesol, that farnesol may be needed for the formation of biofilm [ 36 ], a function highly related to quorum sensing. Though this role of farnesol seems to be merely structural, by triggering a relaxation in the rigid structure of the bacterial cell wall bilypid layer, it cannot be excluded that this terpene can have a signaling effect in bacteria, as it does in other organisms such as fungi and plants [ 37 ]. This hypothesis would also explain the high production rate of this metabolite, since it would give the strain a competitive advantage by acting as quorum sensing for other cells of its species while possibly disrupting the quorum sensing of other organisms, especially fungi.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid genome assembly and annotation of Paenibacillus pasadenensis strain R16 reveals insights on endophytic life style and antifungal activity

et al. 2018

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Bacteria of the Paenibacillus genus are becoming important in many fields of science, including agriculture, for their positive effects on the health of plants. However, there are little information available on this genus compared to other bacteria (such as Bacillus or Pseudomonas), especially when considering genomic information. Sequencing the genomes of plant-beneficial bacteria is a crucial step to identify the genetic elements underlying the adaptation to life inside a plant host and, in particular, which of these features determine the differences between a helpful microorganism and a pathogenic one. In this study, we have characterized the genome of Paenibacillus pasadenensis, strain R16, recently investigated for its antifungal activities and plant-associated features. An hybrid assembly approach was used integrating the very precise reads obtained by Illumina technology and long fragments acquired with Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) sequencing. De novo genome assembly based solely on Illumina reads generated a relatively fragmented assembly of 5.72 Mbp in 99 ungapped sequences with an N50 length of 544 Kbp; hybrid assembly, integrating Illumina and ONT reads, improved the assembly quality, generating a genome of 5.75 Mbp, organized in 6 contigs with an N50 length of 3.4 Mbp. Annotation of the latter genome identified 4987 coding sequences, of which 1610 are hypothetical proteins. Enrichment analysis identified pathways of particular interest for the endophyte biology, including the chitin-utilization pathway and the incomplete siderophore pathway which hints at siderophore parasitism. In addition the analysis led to the identification of genes for the production of terpenes, as for example farnesol, that was hypothesized as the main antifungal molecule produced by the strain. The functional analysis on the genome confirmed several plant-associated, plant-growth promotion, and biocontrol traits of strain R16, thus adding insights in the genetic bases of these complex features, and of the Paenibacillus genus in general.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid genome assembly and annotation of Paenibacillus pasadenensis strain R16 reveals insights on endophytic life style and antifungal activity

et al. 2018

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“…Some aromatic alcohols, such as phenylethanol, are known to be produced by some filamentous fungi and yeast acting as Quorum Sensing molecules [17]. However, at high concentrations, they can cause toxicity to the fungus and possibly to the host [18]. In Aspergillus flavus , a high concentration of 2-phenylethanol completely inhibited fungal growth (fungicide effect), whereas a low concentration promoted growth and inhibited the production of aflatoxins [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Compounds That Modulate the Development of the Fungus Botrytis cinerea and Protect Solanum lycopersicum

Rosero-Hernández

Moraga

Collado

et al. 2019

Plants

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Botrytis cinerea is the causal agent of gray mold disease and is responsible for the loss of millions of dollars in crops in worldwide. Currently, this pathogen exhibits increasing resistance to conventional fungicides; therefore, better control methods and novel compounds with a more specific mechanism of action but without biocidal effects, are required. In this work, several natural compounds to control B. cinerea were analyzed in vitro. Detected effects were dependent on the stage of fungus development, and 3-phenyl-1-propanol displayed the most potent inhibition of in vitro germination, germ tube development, and sporulation. However, it had lower protection of leaves and postharvest fruit in plant infection. Isoeugenol and 1-phenylethanol exhibited lower inhibition of in vitro germination and sporulation, but at the highest concentrations, they inhibited germ tube elongation. Although the lowest rates of foliage infection were recorded using isoeugenol and 3-phenyl-1-propanol, 1-phenylethanol significantly decreased the disease in postharvest tomato fruit, with an efficacy like Mancozeb, but at 18 times lower micromolar concentration. All compounds resulted in high cell viability after spores were removed from the treatment solution exhibited high cell viability, suggesting a non-biocidal effect. The diversity of in vitro and in-plant effects seems to indicate a different mechanism of action.

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“…We cannot exclude the possibility that part of the effect of p -cresol on the morphology of C. albicans is related to toxicity. Other signaling compounds (e.g., farnesol [reviewed in reference 62]) and antifungals (e.g., fluconazole [63]) are also toxic at higher levels. Hyphal inhibitors are already being used to treat candidiasis (64, 65), and our finding may lead to enhanced treatment options for C. albicans infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecies Interactions between Clostridium difficile and Candida albicans

Leeuwen

Peet

Bikker

et al. 2016

mSphere

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Candida albicans and Clostridium difficile are two opportunistic pathogens that reside in the human gut. A few studies have focused on the prevalence of C. albicans in C. difficile-infected patients, but none have shown the interaction(s) that these two organisms may or may not have with each other. In this study, we used a wide range of different techniques to better understand this interaction at a macroscopic and microscopic level. We found that in the presence of C. albicans, C. difficile can survive under ambient aerobic conditions, which would otherwise be toxic. We also found that C. difficile affects the hypha formation of C. albicans, most likely through the excretion of p-cresol. This ultimately leads to an inability of C. albicans to form a biofilm. Our study provides new insights into interactions between C. albicans and C. difficile and bears relevance to both fungal and bacterial disease.

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Farnesol and Candida albicans: Quorum Sensing or Not Quorum Sensing?

Cited by 13 publications

References 48 publications

Hybrid genome assembly and annotation of Paenibacillus pasadenensis strain R16 reveals insights on endophytic life style and antifungal activity

Hybrid genome assembly and annotation of Paenibacillus pasadenensis strain R16 reveals insights on endophytic life style and antifungal activity

Natural Compounds That Modulate the Development of the Fungus Botrytis cinerea and Protect Solanum lycopersicum

Interspecies Interactions between Clostridium difficile and Candida albicans

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