Fascicles from energy-storing tendons show an age-specific response to cyclic fatigue loading

Thorpe, Chavaunne T.; Riley, Graham P.; Birch, Helen L.; Clegg, Peter; Screen, Hazel R. C.

doi:10.1098/rsif.2013.1058

Cited by 58 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…As seen in other species (Ker et al 1988), the relative increases in 388 the cross-sectional areas of tendons might maintain tendon safety factors (maximal stresses before 389 failure vs. in vivo maximal stress) as emus increase in size. However, tendons might also change their 390 biomechanical properties (Young's modulus) with age, as seen in other species (Shadwick 1990; 391 Thorpe et al 2014), therefore influencing biomechanical interpretations of the data presented here. 392…”

Section: Scaling Of Tendon Length 324mentioning

confidence: 82%

Ontogenetic scaling patterns and functional anatomy of the pelvic limb musculature in emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

Lamas

Main

Hutchinson

2014

Preprint

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10Emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) are exclusively terrestrial, bipedal and cursorial ratites with some 11 similar biomechanical characteristics to humans. Their growth rates are impressive as their body 12 mass increases eighty-fold from hatching to adulthood whilst maintaining the same mode of 13 locomotion throughout life. These ontogenetic characteristics stimulate biomechanical questions 14 about the strategies that allow emus to cope with their rapid growth and locomotion, which can be 15 partly addressed via scaling (allometric) analysis of morphology. In this study we have collected 16 pelvic limb anatomical data (muscle architecture, tendon length, tendon mass and bone lengths) and 17 calculated muscle physiological cross sectional area (PCSA) and average tendon cross sectional area 18 from emus across three ontogenetic stages (n=17, body masses from 3.6 to 42 kg). The data were 19 analysed by reduced major axis regression to determine how these biomechanically relevant aspects 20 of morphology scaled with body mass. Muscle mass and PCSA showed a marked trend towards 21 positive allometry (26 and 27 out of 34 muscles respectively) and fascicle length showed a more 22 mixed scaling pattern. The long tendons of the main digital flexors scaled with positive allometry for 23 all characteristics whilst other tendons demonstrated a less clear scaling pattern. Finally, the two 24 longer bones of the limb (tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus) also exhibited positive allometry for 25 length and the two others (femur and first phalanx of digit III) had trends towards isometry. These 26 results indicate that emus experience a relative increase in their muscle force-generating capacities, 27 as well as potentially increasing the force-sustaining capacities of their tendons, as they grow. 28Furthermore, we have clarified anatomical descriptions and provided illustrations of the pelvic limb 29 muscle-tendon units in emus. 30PeerJ PrePrints | http://dx.doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.508v2 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access |

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Section: Scaling Of Tendon Length 324mentioning

confidence: 82%

Ontogenetic scaling patterns and functional anatomy of the pelvic limb musculature in emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

Lamas

Main

Hutchinson

2014

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…7). A helical arrangement of fascicles is reported in the equine SDFT (Thorpe et al, 2013a;Thorpe et al, 2014;Thorpe et al, 2015b), the human Achilles (Szaro et al, 2009) and extensor carpi ulnaris tendon (Kalson et al, 2012), bovine flexor and rat tail tendon (de Campos Vidal, 2003;Reese and Weiss, 2013), canine patellar tendon and anterior cruciate ligament (Yahia and Drouin, 1989). Collagen fibres (fibril bundles) in chick metatarsal tendon and mouse Achilles and tail tendon appear to define tendon crimp which governs the non-linearity of the tendon stress-strain curve (Kalson et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations during ageing in the three-dimensional anatomical arrangement of fascicles within the equine superficial digital flexor tendon

Ali¹,

Comerford²,

Clegg³

et al. 2018

eCM

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Tendons are constructed from collagenous fascicles separated by endotenon/interfascicular matrix (IFM). Tendons may be specialised for precision movement or to store energy during locomotion and for the latter the elasticity of the endotenon/IFM is particularly important. The equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is a dedicated energy-storing tendon with a similar function to the human Achilles tendon. Classical anatomical descriptions portray fascicles as longitudinally arranged distinct anatomical structures. In the present study, using three-dimensional reconstruction from whole tissue slices and histological sections, the fascicles of the equine SDFT were found to adopt a complex interweaved arrangement. Fascicles were found to fully and partially converge and diverge within the tendon and fascicle bundles were observed. Fascicle morphology was not homogenous with narrowing, broadening and twisted fascicles observed in addition to relatively straight fascicles. The number of fascicle bundles observed in cross-section increased from the proximal to the distal end of the tendon, whilst the number of fascicles decreased with age in the proximal region. Fascicular patterns were not similar between the left and right limbs, across different regions or at different ages. A decrease in thickness of the endotenon/IFM between fascicles with age was found in the distal tendon region. The results provide a rationale for considering fascicular organisation when diagnosing and treating tendon injuries, for bioengineering tendon and when modelling tendon function.

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“…Repeated subrupture loading results in collagen fibril kinking [102], which can affect cell morphology and matrix degradation [103]. These mechanisms of microdamage accumulation may be tendon type [104] and age specific [105]. …”

Section: Case Study 1: the Extracellular Matrix In The Tendonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The (dys)functional extracellular matrix

Freedman

Bade

Riggin

et al. 2015

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research

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The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a major component of the biomechanical environment with which cells interact, and it plays important roles in both normal development and disease progression. Mechanical and biochemical factors alter the biomechanical properties of tissues by driving cellular remodeling of the ECM. This review provides an overview of the structural, compositional, and mechanical properties of the ECM that instruct cell behaviors. Case studies are reviewed that highlight mechanotransduction in the context of two distinct tissues: tendons and the heart. Although these two tissues demonstrate differences in relative cell–ECM composition and mechanical environment, they share similar mechanisms underlying ECM dysfunction and cell mechanotransduction. Together, these topics provide a framework for a fundamental understanding of the ECM and how it may vary across normal and diseased tissues in response to mechanical and biochemical cues. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mechanobiology.

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Fascicles from energy-storing tendons show an age-specific response to cyclic fatigue loading

Cited by 58 publications

References 55 publications

Ontogenetic scaling patterns and functional anatomy of the pelvic limb musculature in emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

Ontogenetic scaling patterns and functional anatomy of the pelvic limb musculature in emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

Variations during ageing in the three-dimensional anatomical arrangement of fascicles within the equine superficial digital flexor tendon

The (dys)functional extracellular matrix

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