Fast and automated characterization of major constituents in rat biofluid after oral administration of Abelmoschus manihot extract using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and MetaboLynx

Abstract

In drug metabolism research, the setting up of a complex series of mass spectrometry experiments and the subsequent analysis of the large amounts of data produced are often time-consuming. In this paper, we describe a strategy using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/QTOFMS) with automated data analysis software (MetaboLynx) for fast analysis of the metabolic profile of flavonoids in Abelmoschus manihot. Rat plasma and urine samples collected 1 h and 0-12 h after oral administration of Abelmoschus manihot were analyzed by UPLC/QTOFMS within 15 min. The post-acquisition data were processed using MetaboLynx. With key parameters carefully set, MetaboLynx is able to show the presence of a wide range of metabolites with only a limited requirement for manual intervention and data interpretation time. A total of 16 and 38 metabolites were identified in plasma and urine compared with blank samples. The results indicated that methylation and glucuronidation after deglycosylation were the major metabolic pathways of flavonoid glycosides in Abelmoschus manihot. The present study provided important information about the metabolism of flavonoid glycosides in Abelmoschus manihot which will be helpful for fully understanding the mechanism of action of this herb. Furthermore, this work demonstrated the potential of the UPLC/QTOFMS approach using MetaboLynx for fast and automated identification of metabolites from Chinese herbal medicines.

Efficacy and safety of Flos Abelmoschus manihot (Malvaceae) on type 2 diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review

“…Hydrolysis, hydroxylation, and acetylation were the major metabolic pathways in human and rat intestinal bacteria, (52,53) whereas methylation and glucuronidation were the major metabolic pathways after the absorption of flavonoids in the rat gastrointestinal tract. (15) The most important metabolites in rat blood and urine were quercetin and gossypetin, mainly derived from hibifolin, hyperoside, isoquercetin, and quercetin-3'-O-glucoside. (15) Hyperoside, isoquercitrin, and quercetin monoglucuronide were also identifi ed in rat kidney blood.…”

“…(15) The most important metabolites in rat blood and urine were quercetin and gossypetin, mainly derived from hibifolin, hyperoside, isoquercetin, and quercetin-3'-O-glucoside. (15) Hyperoside, isoquercitrin, and quercetin monoglucuronide were also identifi ed in rat kidney blood. (54) These potentially bioactive constituents in vivo could help clarify the efficacy and safety profiles of this herb as well as potential mechanism of its effects.…”

Identification of the potential active components of Abelmoschus manihot in rat blood and kidney tissue by microdialysis combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

“…Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that a total of 16 and 38 metabolites were identified in plasma and urine, respectively [20]. There have been reports about the determination of flavonols in rat plasma and urine after oral administration of A. manihot extract [21].…”

Conjugated metabolites represent the major circulating forms ofAbelmoschus manihot in vivoand show an altered pharmacokinetic profile in renal pathology

“…In our previous report, flavonoid glucuronide-sulfate conjugates of A. manihot flavonoid were identified in rat plasma and urine (Guo et al, 2010; Figure 1). In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the biological function of flavonoid glucuronide-sulfate conjugates (Galindo et al, 2012;Shimoi et al, 2001;Terao et al, 2011;Yoshino et al, 2011).…”