Fast and simple method for determination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in biodiesel blends using X-ray spectrometry

Sitko, Rafał; Zawisza, Beata; Kowalewska, Zofia; Kocot, Karina; Polowniak, Marzena

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2011.07.046

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Meanwhile, in daily operations, testing is carried out only for critical quality parameters such as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), density, viscosity, water content, flash point, and acid value. Several studies state viscosity, density, cetane number, heating value, flash point, and pour point are the significant properties of the fuel (Hasan and Rahmana, 2017;Sitko et al, 2011). The determination of FAME in diesel fuel blends is an important aspect of the production and blending process as well as quality control of distribution operations.…”

Section: Handling and Storage Of Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Quality of Petroleum Diesel-Biofuel Blends

Febriansyah

2022

j. standard.

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<p>As one of the largest archipelagic countries, there is a challenge in biofuel production and distribution because the raw materials, biodiesel refineries, and the fuel blending terminal are separated far apart. It makes a problem in maintaining quality. A good quality product of biofuel will raise customer acceptance. This paper aims to investigate the quality system of petroleum diesel-biodiesel blends in Indonesia after implementing B30 in 2020. This descriptive study was conducted with a quantitative approach showing that fuel producers should comply with the blending mandate and fuel standard to get the subsidies. But there is only one accredited laboratory to control the quality. The B30 quality verification report is also government subjectivity because it is not published. To ensure the acceptance of biofuel new specifications, the Government of Indonesia (GoI) established road tests and trial tests. The Indonesian automotive association which is dominated by Japan Manufacturers accepted the development of biofuel new specifications. The quality of biofuel production has been a concern for GoI, but there is a need to study the business model because the implementation of biofuel in Indonesia is highly dependent on subsidies.</p>

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Section: Handling and Storage Of Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Quality of Petroleum Diesel-Biofuel Blends

Febriansyah

2022

j. standard.

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“…7 The quantification of these esters is conducted using several analytical techniques, particularly gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] GC with flame ionization detection (FID) shows excellent selectivity in biodiesel analysis and is the main technique used for this purpose. 8,11,15,16 In Brazil, the production and use of biodiesel is regulated and supervised by the Brazilian National Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels Regulatory Agency (ANP) through Resolution No.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Alkyl Esters Content by Gas Chromatography: Validation of Method Based on Short Column and Response Factor

Silva¹,

Melo²,

Wolf³

et al. 2017

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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In this study an analytical method, based on gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, using a short column and response factor (GCSCRF), was validated for the quantification of fatty acid alkyl esters (methylic or ethylic). During the validation process, the proposed method was employed to analyze twenty samples of fatty acid methyl esters and fatty acid ethyl esters. Biodiesel samples were produced from soybean oil and the validated method was found to be selective, being able to separate and identify every ester species present in the samples according to its carbon number. When the method was submitted to some variations in the sample preparation procedure, it remained robust. Limits of detection and quantification were 6.76 and 20.4 mg mL -1 , respectively. The suggested method also showed great precision when successive analyses were carried out for different analysts, with standard deviation (SD) 0.6 for repeatibility and relative standard deviation (RSD) percentage 7.3% for intermediate precision, excellent accuracy when compared to other reference methods (EN 14103 and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet dection (HPLC-UV)) and recovery studies.Keywords: biodiesel, gas chromatography, chromatografic column, response factor IntroductionThe growing energy crisis, caused by a high consumption of fossil fuels and environmental degradation, has influenced the development of renewable fuels as alternative energy sources. Biodiesel, produced by the transesterification or esterification of vegetable or animal oils and fats or fatty acids, in the presence of an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol, 1-3 is one of the most promising alternative fuels. Besides being renewable, nontoxic and biodegradable, biodiesel can be added to petrodiesel due to its similar physico-chemical properties. 4Pure biodiesel is represented by B100 (100% fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAE)). However, in the case of biodiesel/petrodiesel blends the abbreviation BX indicates the percentage volume of B100 in these blends. 5 Nowadays, a B7 mixture (7% B100 and 93% diesel oil) is marketed in Brazil. 6 Biodiesel is composed of a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) or ethyl esters (FAEE). 7 The quantification of these esters is conducted using several analytical techniques, particularly gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).8-14 GC with flame ionization detection (FID) shows excellent selectivity in biodiesel analysis and is the main technique used for this purpose. 8,11,15,16 In Brazil, the production and use of biodiesel is regulated and supervised by the Brazilian National Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels Regulatory Agency (ANP) through Resolution No. 45/2014, 17 in which the European Standard EN1410318 is adopted for the determination of methyl esters by the GC technique. In this case, the external calibration method is used, based on a comparison of the analyte peak area with the peak area of some external standards, analyzed at different concentrations. 17In the ...

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“…Several alternative methods for quantitative determination of biodiesel content in diesel‐biodiesel blends have been reported in literature , such as x‐ray spectroscopy , liquid and gas chromatography , near infrared spectroscopy , fourier transform mid‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) , ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy , fluorescence spectroscopy , as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) . Although some of these methods are effective, major drawbacks have been observed in the analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stainless Steel Electrodes to Determine Biodiesel Content in Petroleum Diesel Fuel by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

et al. 2016

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1IntroductionBiodiesel, mainly producedu sing basic liquid catalysts (KOH or NaOH)f or triglyceridest ransesterification [1,2] is one of the main biofuels used in the world, which can be mixed with petroleum diesel to form an alternative automobile fuel [3][4][5].Due to the biodiesel being one of the renewable fuels, the first reasonb ehindt he biofuels program is to reduce oil dependencyand increase the use of renewable,besides the warranty of increasing of energys ecurity.Biodiesel can be used in its pure form (B100) [6][7][8][9] or in many differentc oncentrations [10][11][12],b eing the most common, B20 (20 %b iodiesel, 80 %p etroleum diesel), B5 (5 %b iodiesel, 95% petroleum diesel) and B2 (2 % biodiesel, 98 %p etroleum diesel) [13].B 20 and lowerlevel blends usually do not require enginem odifications [14][15].B esides the positive environmental aspects, the presence of biodiesel in the blendsw ith diesel, could act as alubricity additive [12,13,16,17].Several alternativem ethodsf or quantitative determination of biodiesel contenti nd iesel-biodiesel blends have been reported in literature [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30],s uch as x-ray spectroscopy [18],l iquid and gas chromatography [19][20][21], near infrared spectroscopy [22,23],f ouriert ransform mid-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) [25,26],u ltraviolet absorptions pectroscopy [27],f luorescence spectroscopy [30],a sw ell as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) [31][32][33].Although some of these methodsare effective,m ajor drawbacks have been observed in the analysis.Theu se of electroanalyticalm ethods [34][35],i ncluding the method EIS [36-37]h as been as ubject of great interest in the last decade in many areas. Them ethod EIS, which uses the dielectric properties to measure the content of biodiesel, seems to be quite promising.Actually,t he application of EIS to study low conductivity media such as oil products,e thanol,a nd biodiesel have been reported in literature [10,11,37,38,39,40],a nd the high ohmic drop seemed to be not ac oncern [41,42]. One of the EIS advantages for biodiesel content measurements is its efficiency being able to obtain, in as ingle experiment, all informationa bout the solution, the interface and the electrodes urface,t hrough the measured parameters, such as resistance,c apacitance,a nd inductance, Abstract:T he blending ratio of biodiesel in petroleum diesel has become one of the most important parameters to ensuret he quality of diesel/biodieselb lend. This paper presents af ast and simple method based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to determinet he biodiesel contenti nd ieself uel. Differentf rom the methodr eported in the literature, using ap air of two identicals creen printed carbon pastee lectrodes,i nt he present work we used two electrodes made from 304 stainless steel with dimensions of 0.8 0.3 cm for the EIS measurements.I mproved results were obtained in terms of sensitivity,s tability of measurements,e lectrode reuse,a nd cost. In this procedure the charge transfer resista...

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Fast and simple method for determination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in biodiesel blends using X-ray spectrometry

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

Evaluating the Quality of Petroleum Diesel-Biofuel Blends

Evaluating the Quality of Petroleum Diesel-Biofuel Blends

Determination of Alkyl Esters Content by Gas Chromatography: Validation of Method Based on Short Column and Response Factor

Stainless Steel Electrodes to Determine Biodiesel Content in Petroleum Diesel Fuel by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

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