carbide MXenes (e.g., Ti 3 C 2 T x , Ti 2 CT x , V 2 CT x , Nb 2 CT x , etc.) are synthesized from their ceramic MAX phase precursor (with a formula of M n+1 AX n , where A is a group 13 or 14 element) by selectively etching the A phase using hydrofluoric acid (HF) or fluoride-containing aqueous solutions. [6][7][8][9][10] MXenes are known for their variety of surface terminal groups, excellent aqueous processability, and high electrical conductivity. [6][7][8][9][10] Extensive studies have focused on practical applications of MXenes for energy storage, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] electromagnetic wave shielding, [19][20][21][22] layer-by-layer functional coatings, [23][24][25] nanocomposites, [26][27][28] hydrogels with 3D networks, [17,29] optoelectronic devices, [30,31] sensors, [23,32] catalysis, [33] and biomedical applications. [34,35] One limitation to the widespread use of MXenes is that they are prone to oxidation, especially in their commonly used aqueous colloidal state. Prior studies have demonstrated that MXenes undergo chemical reaction with water and strong oxidants, resulting in their structural and chemical degradation over time, most commonly leading to formation of transition metal oxides. [36,37] This phenomenon of rapid MXene oxidation and degradation is currently not wellunderstood and is rarely discussed in reports focused on MXene applications, even though oxidation significantly changes performance-related properties. Indeed, low oxidation stability threatens to restrict both the shelf life of MXene dispersions and the product lifetime for MXene-based devices. Multiple studies have confirmed that oxidation results in the degradation of the MXene's 2D structure and loss of functional properties. Ti 3 C 2 T x and Ti 2 CT x nanosheets in their aqueous colloidal state and in functional films can react with water molecules, resulting in the formation of titanium dioxides (TiO 2 ) and amorphous carbon. [36][37][38][39] Oxidation rates of MXene nanosheets dispersed in water were found to be a function of temperature, solution pH, exposure to 800 nm laser and ultraviolet light, and the presence of radical-forming chemical oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide and ozone. [36,[40][41][42] In addition to dispersed nanosheets, dried MXene nanosheet powders and MXene-based devices are also prone to gradual degradation and worsened electrical properties. [36,43,44] Naguib et al. and others reported that MXene oxidation starts from nanosheet edges; thus, large nanosheets may have better oxidation stability than smaller ones. [45,46] MXene oxidation is also dependent on intrinsic nanosheet properties,