Fast Detection of Local Anesthetic Levobupivacaine by Impedance Method on Ppy/SWCNT

Abstract

Fast response electrochemical impedance (EI) method was developed to detect concentrations of local anesthetic Levobupivacaine. It revealed the EI method possessed fast response and recovery times and the lowest detected concentration was 1 ppm. Pyrrole was electrochemically polymerized to polypyrrole and made a composite with single walled carbon nanotubes coated over gold electrodes for sensing studies. Ppy and Ppy/SWCNT composite materials were coated upon Au electrodes and characterized by UV/Vis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Various concentrations of levobupivacaine in the range, 1 to 500 ppm were prepared in medically significant saline solution of 0.9% NaCI as test samples. A 10-kHz frequency was used for the calibration curve, and the short response and recovery time were tested as 5 s and 3 s, respectively. The Ppy/SWCNT material with R2 as 0.9971 showed better linearity than Ppy material. Using molecular dynamic simulation studies exothermic adsorption energies and bond lengths have been calculated and explained the fast response time and lower impedance of Ppy/SWCNT than Ppy.

Online Detection of Ropivacaine in Drip Bags Using Polypyrrole/graphene Oxide Materials

“…After imitating the software, parameters were chosen to minimize the system energy and a force field was chosen as the compass item. 13 The calculated energy could be estimated, allowing the adsorption and desorption interactions between ropivacaine and Ppy. The adsorption of ropivacaine was simulated for the 3 × 3 Ppy and Ppy/GO.…”

“…Sensing mechanism and simulation results Molecular simulations were used to predict the dynamic behaviors of Ppy and Ppy/GO detection systems based on the adsorption of various ropivacaine concentrations. [13][14][15][16] Figs. 7 (A), (B), and (C) show the simulated adsorption energy and geometry structures (white ball = hydrogen, black ball = carbon, deep blue ball = nitrogen, and red ball = oxygen).…”

“…The calculated adsorption energy was 1.75 kcal/mol, approaching the van der walls force as equation (1). 13,14 Thus, physical adsorption causes the sensing material to rapidly respond and recover. 15,16 Ropivacaine + * Ropivacaine + *…”