Fast, flexible and low-cost multiphase blood analogue for biomedical and energy applications

Lima, Rui; Vega, E. J.; Moita, Ana S.; Miranda, J. M.; Pinho, Diana; Moreira, A.L.N.

doi:10.1007/s00348-020-03066-7

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…To finish, a membrane emulsification method similar to that shown in Figure 1 k was used to produce micelles of Brij L4 surfactant in water. Briefly, after a manual premixing of the surfactant (typically 1 wt%) and pure water, the emulsion was forced to flow through a precolumn filter having a membrane with an average pore size of 20 μm, resulting in micelles with diameters around 7 μm [ 59 ], but with a high polydispersity that needs to be improved.…”

Section: Rbc Templatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 51 ] not being assessed, it is expected to be insignificant because E ≈ 4300 MPa. Finally, in the case of the Brij L4 micelles [ 59 ], the authors examined the DI of these RBC templates by using a device similar to that showed in Figure 3 d. The micelles DI was similar to that of RBCs, a little bit lower than that of RBCs in the contraction region, 0.21 vs. 0.26, respectively. The deformability of the PDMS (6:4) RBC templates from Ref.…”

Section: Rbc Templatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood Particulate Analogue Fluids: A Review

et al. 2021

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Microfluidics has proven to be an extraordinary working platform to mimic and study blood flow phenomena and the dynamics of components of the human microcirculatory system. However, the use of real blood increases the complexity to perform these kinds of in vitro blood experiments due to diverse problems such as coagulation, sample storage, and handling problems. For this reason, interest in the development of fluids with rheological properties similar to those of real blood has grown over the last years. The inclusion of microparticles in blood analogue fluids is essential to reproduce multiphase effects taking place in a microcirculatory system, such as the cell-free layer (CFL) and Fähraeus–Lindqvist effect. In this review, we summarize the progress made in the last twenty years. Size, shape, mechanical properties, and even biological functionalities of microparticles produced/used to mimic red blood cells (RBCs) are critically exposed and analyzed. The methods developed to fabricate these RBC templates are also shown. The dynamic flow/rheology of blood particulate analogue fluids proposed in the literature (with different particle concentrations, in most of the cases, relatively low) is shown and discussed in-depth. Although there have been many advances, the development of a reliable blood particulate analogue fluid, with around 45% by volume of microparticles, continues to be a big challenge.

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Section: Rbc Templatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rbc Templatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Particulate Analogue Fluids: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…Surfactants have been used in a wide range of applications, such as pharmaceuticals, crystal growth and detergents, among others, due to their increased spreading and wetting capability [ 26 ]. Recent studies [ 27 , 28 ] examine the rheological and thermal properties of water-based solutions varying the type and the amount of surfactant. It is pointed out that each surfactant affects the properties of the base fluid differently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Thermal Conduction in Nanoparticle Aggregates in the Presence of Surfactants

2020

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Many theoretical and experimental studies have shown that the addition of nanoparticles into conventional fluids may generate nanofluids with significantly improved heat transfer properties. In the present work, the effect of nanoparticle aggregation on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids is studied, considering also the effect of surfactants that are typically added to stabilise the nanofluid. A method for simulating aggregate formation is developed here that allows tailoring of the fractal dimension and the number density of the nanoparticles to desired values. The method is shown to be computationally simple and fast. Data that are extracted from electron microscope images are compared with simulation results regarding surface porosity and the autocorrelation function. The surfactants are modelled as a layer around the particles, and the effective thermal conductivity is calculated with a meshless numerical technique. Significant increase in conductivity is observed for small values of the fractal dimension and for large number density of particles in the aggregate. The simulations are in good agreement with experimental results. It is also concluded that prediction of the conductivity of such nanofluids requires the knowledge of the type and the amount of the surfactant added.

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“…Recently, 161] proposed a flowfocusing technique to produce micro-sized PDMS flexible spherical particles for biomicrofluidic applications, also demonstrating the ability of the proposed particulate fluid to reproduce the steady shear viscosity curve of ovine RBCs suspended in Dextran 40. More recently, Lima et al [162] proposed a simple, low cost and stable multiphase blood analogue with the ability to mimic microscale blood flow phenomena. The proposed analogue is composed of Brij L4 surfactant micelles suspended in pure water and has a great potential to be used in flow experiments from macro to nanoscale levels.…”

Section: Blood Analoguesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Biomodels in Stenotic Arteries to Perform Blood Analogues Flow Visualizations and Measurements: A Review

Carvalho¹,

Maia²,

Souza³

et al. 2020

TOBEJ

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Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death globally and the most common pathological process is atherosclerosis. Over the years, these cardiovascular complications have been extensively studied by applying in vivo, in vitro and numerical methods (in silico). In vivo studies represent more accurately the physiological conditions and provide the most realistic data. Nevertheless, these approaches are expensive, and it is complex to control several physiological variables. Hence, the continuous effort to find reliable alternative methods has been growing. In the last decades, numerical simulations have been widely used to assess the blood flow behavior in stenotic arteries and, consequently, providing insights into the cardiovascular disease condition, its progression and therapeutic optimization. However, it is necessary to ensure its accuracy and reliability by comparing the numerical simulations with clinical and experimental data. For this reason, with the progress of the in vitro flow measurement techniques and rapid prototyping, experimental investigation of hemodynamics has gained widespread attention. The present work reviews state-of-the-art in vitro macro-scale arterial stenotic biomodels for flow measurements, summarizing the different fabrication methods, blood analogues and highlighting advantages and limitations of the most used techniques.

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Fast, flexible and low-cost multiphase blood analogue for biomedical and energy applications

Cited by 18 publications

References 57 publications

Blood Particulate Analogue Fluids: A Review

Blood Particulate Analogue Fluids: A Review

Modelling Thermal Conduction in Nanoparticle Aggregates in the Presence of Surfactants

In vitro Biomodels in Stenotic Arteries to Perform Blood Analogues Flow Visualizations and Measurements: A Review

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