Fast Olfactory Threshold Determination Using an Ascending Limits Procedure

Sijben, Rik; Panzram, Claudia; Rodriguez-Raecke, Rea; Haarmeier, Thomas; Freiherr, Jessica

doi:10.1007/s12078-017-9239-1

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The INFOUR took 42% (approximately 5 min or 10 triplets) less time than the repeated performance of the original version. This is practically relevant and exceeds the time improvement obtained by the ascending limits procedure (Sijben et al 2017) and the wide steps method (Croy et al 2009). Therefore, the INFOUR is a useful tool in certain fields of application, but requires further validation for other purposes such as longer time intervals between testing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…For the second trial, one group repeated the original version (group 1) again while the other received the INFOUR version as outlined in the introduction (group 2). The break in between was set to 15 min, which was in line with (Sijben et al 2017) or even longer than previous related study designs (Besser et al 2019;Pössel et al 2020).…”

Section: Testing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Method for a Shorter and Valid Assessment of Olfactory Threshold in Repeated Measurement Designs Based on the Sniffin’ Sticks Test

2021

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Introduction The Sniffin’ Sticks threshold test is widely used to assess olfactory threshold due to its high reliability and validity. Nevertheless, this test procedure is quite long with an average duration of 10 to 20 min. In study designs that require multiple olfactory threshold tests on short intervals, this could exhaust participants. To counteract this limitation, we developed the informed-four-reversal (INFOUR) short version of the Sniffin’ Sticks threshold test for repeated measurement designs and piloted it in a sample of normosmic participants. Methods Forty-two participants performed the original Sniffin’ Sticks version before being assigned either to the control group that repeated the original version or to the test group that conducted the INFOUR short version. Results The correlation between the original version at T1 and INFOUR at T2 was r = .75 and did not differ significantly from the retest reliability of the original version. Compared to the original version, the INFOUR took 42% less time to perform. Conclusion The INFOUR leads to a significant time saving, while maintaining good validity. Implications Therefore, this approach has the potential to be a useful tool for study protocols with repeated olfactory threshold measurements. In particular, when research protocols are time intensive or testing needs to the shortened, because the interventional effects are short or subtle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Testing Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Method for a Shorter and Valid Assessment of Olfactory Threshold in Repeated Measurement Designs Based on the Sniffin’ Sticks Test

2021

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“…The present study has not taken advantage of fewer steps in odor threshold self-testing; this remains subject to future investigations. As a further limitation, this study has not considered testing threshold levels by using other strategies, such as the ascending limits procedure proposed by Sijben et al (2017), where threshold levels are determined by testing until four right hits of the target odor of one concentration in a row are obtained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Administered Testing of Odor Threshold and Discrimination Using Sniffin’ Sticks—Reviving the “Odor-Curves-On-Paper” Method

Besser

Liu

Renner³

et al. 2019

Chem. Percept.

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Introduction Olfactory testing helps in diagnosing olfactory dysfunction (OD). The Sniffin' Sticks odor test kit is widely used for research and can be reused and summed scores of threshold (T), discrimination (D), and identification (I) allow comparison to normative data. Testing can be time consuming and odor pens have to be presented by an examiner. The aim of this study was to investigate for a self-administration strategy for testing T and D. Methods Fifty healthy subjects (30 female, 20 male, mean age 27.3 years ± 8.1, range 18-58) were included. T was tested by an examiner (T-as) in a reversed staircase manner and self-tested with randomly presented concentrations (T-rand) and ascending methods of limits (T-aml). D testing was performed with assistance (D-as) and self-administered (D-s). For self-testing, examinees were instructed to perform the Bodor-curves-on-paper^method. Results Mean TDI was 35.9 ± 3.0, range 26.5-42.8. T-as scores were significantly lower than T-aml (p < 0.001) and T-rand (p < 0.05). T-aml was significantly faster than T-rand and T-as modalities (p < 0.001); Paired t test revealed no significant difference of D-as and D-s, in terms of scores and time needed (p > 0.05) and the mean difference was small (0.3). Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate the Bodor-curves-on-paper^method is applicable for D and with restrictions for T testing. Implications Self-administration of olfactory testing using Sniffin' Sticks can, with appropriate instructions, easily be performed and may improve patient care in personnel and (with limitations) time-restricted settings.

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“…Olfactory function was assessed with the computer‐testing version of the standardized clinically approved “Sniffin' Sticks” test (Burghart Instruments, Wedel, Germany; Hummel et al, ). Three different olfactory functions were assessed: First, the odor detection threshold was determined for n ‐butanol with 16 stepwise dilutions using an ascending limits procedure (Sijben, Panzram, Rodriguez‐Raecke, Haarmeier, & Freiherr, ) based on a three‐alternative forced choice task (3AFC). Second, odor discrimination was assessed over 16 trials again using a 3AFC task.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human body odor increases familiarity for faces during encoding‐retrieval task

Cecchetto

Fischmeister

Gorkiewicz

et al. 2020

Human Brain Mapping

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Odors can increase memory performance when presented as context during both encoding and retrieval phases. Since information from different sensory modalities is integrated into a unified conceptual knowledge, we hypothesize that the social information from body odors and faces would be integrated during encoding. The integration of such social information would enhance retrieval more so than when the encoding occurs in the context of common odors. To examine this hypothesis and to further explore the underlying neural correlates of this behavior, we have conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in which participants performed an encoding‐retrieval memory task for faces during the presentation of common odor, body odor or clean air. At the behavioral level, results show that participants were less biased and faster in recognizing faces when presented in concomitance with the body odor compared to the common odor. At the neural level, the encoding of faces in the body odor condition, compared to common odor and clean air conditions, showed greater activation in areas related to associative memory (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), odor perception and multisensory integration (orbitofrontal cortex). These results suggest that face and body odor information were integrated and as a result, participants were faster in recognizing previously presented material.

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Fast Olfactory Threshold Determination Using an Ascending Limits Procedure

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

A New Method for a Shorter and Valid Assessment of Olfactory Threshold in Repeated Measurement Designs Based on the Sniffin’ Sticks Test

A New Method for a Shorter and Valid Assessment of Olfactory Threshold in Repeated Measurement Designs Based on the Sniffin’ Sticks Test

Self-Administered Testing of Odor Threshold and Discrimination Using Sniffin’ Sticks—Reviving the “Odor-Curves-On-Paper” Method

Human body odor increases familiarity for faces during encoding‐retrieval task

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