Background: Neurophysiological models link dissociation (e.g. feeling detached during or after a traumatic event) to hypoarousal. It is currently assumed that the initial passive reaction to a threat may coincide with a blunted autonomic response, which constitutes the dissociative subtype of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objective: Within this systematic review we summarize research which evaluates autonomic nervous system activation (e.g. heart rate, blood pressure) and dissociation in PTSD patients to discern the validity of current neurophysiological models of trauma-related hypoarousal. Method: Of 553 screened articles, 28 studies (N = 1300 subjects) investigating the physiological response to stress provocation or trauma-related interventions were included in the final analysis.Results: No clear trend exists across all measured physiological markers in trauma-related dissociation. Extracted results are inconsistent, in part due to high heterogeneity in experimental methodology. Conclusion:The current review is unable to provide robust evidence that peri-and posttraumatic dissociation are associated with hypoarousal, questioning the validity of distinct psychophysiological profiles in PTSD.La disociación relacionada con el trauma y el sistema nervioso autónomo: Una revisión bibliográfica sistemática de los correlatos psicofisiológicos de la experiencia disociativa en pacientes con TEPT Antecedentes: Los modelos neurofisiológicos vinculan la disociación (por ejemplo, la sensación de desapego durante o después de un evento traumático) con la hipoactivación. Actualmente se asume que la reacción pasiva inicial ante una amenaza puede coincidir con una respuesta autonómica embotada, lo que constituye el subtipo disociativo del trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT). Objetivo: En esta revisión sistemática resumimos las investigaciones que evalúan la activación del sistema nervioso autónomo (por ejemplo, la frecuencia cardíaca, la presión arterial) y la disociación en pacientes con TEPT para discernir la validez de los modelos neurofisiológicos actuales de la hipoactivación relacionada con el trauma. Método: De 553 artículos seleccionados, se incluyeron en el análisis final 28 estudios (N=1300 sujetos) que investigaban la respuesta fisiológica a la provocación del estrés o a las intervenciones relacionadas con el trauma. Resultados: No existe una tendencia clara en todos los marcadores fisiológicos medidos en la disociación relacionada con el trauma. Los resultados extraídos son inconsistentes, en parte debido a la alta heterogeneidad en la metodología experimental. Conclusión: La presente revisión no puede aportar pruebas sólidas de que la disociación peri y postraumática esté asociada a la hipoactivación, lo que cuestiona la validez de los distintos perfiles psicofisiológicos en el TEPT 创伤相关解离和自主神经系统：一项对 PTSD 患者解离体验的心理生理相 关因素的系统文献综述 背景：神经生理学模型将解离(例如，在创伤事件期间或之后感到超然)与低唤起联系起 来。目前假设对威胁的初始被动反应可能与迟钝的自主反应同时发生，这构成了创伤后应 激障碍 (PTSD) 的解离亚型。 ARTICLE HISTORY

Neurological disorders are highly prevalent and often lead to chronic debilitating disease. Neuroinflammation is a major driver across the spectrum of disorders, and microglia are key mediators of this response, gaining wide acceptance as a druggable cell target. Moreover, clinical providers have limited ability to objectively quantify patient-specific changes in microglia status, which can be a predictor of illness and recovery. This necessitates the development of diagnostic biomarkers and imaging techniques to monitor microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in coordination with neurological outcomes. New insights into the polarization status of microglia have shed light on the regulation of disease progression and helped identify a modifiable target for therapeutics. Thus, the detection and monitoring of microglia activation through the inclusion of diagnostic biomarkers and imaging techniques will provide clinical tools to aid our understanding of the neurologic sequelae and improve long-term clinical care for patients. Recent achievements demonstrated by pre-clinical studies, using novel depletion and cell-targeted approaches as well as single-cell RNAseq, underscore the mechanistic players that coordinate microglial activation status and offer a future avenue for therapeutic intervention.