Fast pyrolysis of waste pepper stem over waste FCC catalyst

Yoo, Myung Lang; Park, Young-Kwon; Park, Taesung; Park, Sunghoon

doi:10.1007/s11164-018-3381-5

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These chemicals originate from the degradation of lignocellulosic components coupled with the thermal decomposition of LDPE at low temperatures and enhance the initiation of radical formation, scission, and cleavage of high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. Then, some unstable compounds in the pyrolyzed vapors undergo secondary cracking reactions and catalysis, and both the acid sites and pore structure affect deoxygenation, decarboxylation, decarbonylation, depolymerization, oligomerization, and aromatization to achieve the production of aromatics and monoaromatic phenols, resulting in the aliphatic hydrocarbon production trend. ,,,,, Unlike in noncatalytic copyrolysis, the catalyst shows the ability to convert oxygenates to noncondensable gases, immensely increasing the hydrocarbon content. The relative peak intensity of high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons gradually decreases as the amount of doped copper increases to 0.4 wt % in Cu-ZSM-35, while almost no change is observed when the amount of doped copper increases to 0.6 wt % in Cu-ZSM-35.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have reported that the use of metal oxide catalysts in biomass pyrolysis enhances deoxygenation in pyrolyzed oil since they can enhance aromatic yield, retain hydrogen transfer capabilities, and dehydrogenate, while the acidity can also be decreased by dehydration reactions. Zeolites have been used in catalytic pyrolysis reactions to produce mostly deoxygenated aromatic hydrocarbons and have emerged as an effective method for improving the heating value and bio-oil quality via decarbonylation and decarboxylation while simultaneously inhibiting dehydration and decreasing acidity. − In particular, the thermal decomposition of lignocellulosic biomass to volatile vapor enhances the formulation of oxygenates, and catalytic reactions convert these vapors into aromatics, phenols, and furans due to the many acidic sites on the catalyst. Therefore, nanomolecular sieves exhibit catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability due to their larger external surface area and improved reactant diffusion, while the selectivity of the acid sites and pore structures promote aromatization; increase the yields of desirable value-added chemical compounds, such as phenols, furans, and hydrocarbons; reduce the yields of some oxygenated compounds; and decrease acidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Catalytic dehydrogenation also occurs and contributes to hydrogen transfer to hydrocarbon products, especially yielding a carbon–hydrogen-rich bio-oil with a desirable chemical composition, hydrocarbons, and aromatics; furthermore, the physicochemical properties are improved during catalytic bio-oil production. ,,,,, This work demonstrates sugarcane leaves (SCLs) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) to be candidate feedstocks for catalytic copyrolysis through a custom-built fixed-bed pyrolyzer with both in situ catalysis and different ratios of SCLs to LDPE to explore the effectiveness of the process operating parameters. The product distribution of the SCLs pyrolyzed with LDPE, the product yield, and the synergistic effect of blending with LDPE were also investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Copyrolysis of Sugarcane Leaves and Low-Density Polyethylene Waste to Produce Bio-Oil and Chemicals Using Copper-Doped HZSM-35

2022

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The effect of copyrolysis operating conditions, namely, temperature (500−650 °C), inert nitrogen flow rate (80−200 mL min −1 ), reaction time (30−75 min), and copper metal-doped HZSM-35, was examined on the product distribution and compared when different mass ratios of sugarcane leaves (SCLs) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were pyrolyzed with different concentrations of copper (wt %) doped into HZSM-35. The optimal bioproduction conditions were as follows: 550 °C, a N 2 flow rate of 120 mL min −1 , a reaction time of 45 min, an SCL/ LDPE mass ratio of 0.8:0.2, and the use of 0.4% Cu-ZSM-35. A synergistic effect on the liquid yield was observed when copyrolyzing the biomass−plastic mixture from 500 to 600 °C. In contrast, the experimental yield of noncondensable gas was higher than the theoretical yield at high temperature. The effect of the amount of copper doped into HZSM-35 on the product yield was insignificant, but gas chromatography−mass spectrometry analysis allowed both thermal degradation and catalytic effects on C−C cleavage due to the decomposition of volatile vapors and the occurrence of β-scission to produce aliphatics. These aliphatics were further cracked into smaller hydrocarbons; thus, the relative hydrocarbon content increased. This study demonstrates that a synergistic effect occurs between the catalytic reactions, such as deoxygenation, and pore selectivity to enhance the production of high-quality bio-oil. Furthermore, valuable chemical feedstocks can be obtained from the catalytic copyrolysis of the biomass−plastic mixture with a copper metal-doped hierarchical ZSM-35 catalyst.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Copyrolysis of Sugarcane Leaves and Low-Density Polyethylene Waste to Produce Bio-Oil and Chemicals Using Copper-Doped HZSM-35

2022

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“…As one of the most well-known refinery cracking catalysts, FCC catalysts comprise a combination of Y zeolite (FAU topology), mesoporous alumina, and silica matrix active in precracking larger molecules, and binders and fillers to provide physical strength and integrity . Using FCC-type catalyst formulations for the processing of pyrolysis vapors has the potential to avoid scale-up issues and has been studied for the CFP of biomass. ,,,− …”

Section: Catalytic Fast Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Recent Research on Catalytic Biomass Pyrolysis and Low-Pressure Hydropyrolysis

2021

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Direct catalytic upgrading of biomass-derived fast pyrolysis vapors can occur in different process configurations, under either inert or hydrogen-containing atmospheres. This review summarizes the myriad of different catalysts studied and benchmarks their deoxygenation performance by also taking into account the resulting decrease in bio-oil yield compared to a thermal pyrolysis oil. Generally, catalyst modifications aim at improving the initial selectivity of the catalyst to more desirable oxygen-free hydrocarbons and/or improving the catalysts’ stability against deactivation by coking. Optimizing the pore structure and acid site density/distribution of solid acid catalysts can slow down deactivation and prolong activity. Basic catalysts such as MgO and Na2O/γ-Al2O3 are excellent ketonization catalysts favoring oxygen removal via decarboxylation, whereas solid acid catalysts such as zeolites primarily favor decarbonylation and dehydration. Basic catalysts can therefore produce bio-oils with higher H/C ratios. However, since their coke formation per surface area is higher, compared to a microporous HZSM-5 zeolite, precoking (or imperfect regeneration) of these basic catalysts and operating for longer time-on-stream can be approaches to improve the oil yield. In-line vapor-phase upgrading with a dual bed comprising a solid acid catalyst followed by a basic catalyst active in ketonization and aldol condensation further improves deoxygenation while maintaining high bio-oil carbon recovery. Also low-cost catalysts such as iron-rich red mud have deoxygenation activity. An improved bio-oil carbon recoverycompared at a similar level of oxygen removalcan be obtained when changing from an inert atmosphere to a hydrogen-containing atmosphere and using an effective hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) catalyst. To keep costs low, this can be conducted at near-atmospheric pressure conditions. Pt/TiO2 and MoO3/TiO2 showed high activity and reduced coke formation. Stable performance has been demonstrated using Pt/TiO2 for 100+ reaction/regeneration cycles with woody biomass feedstock. If future works can demonstrate the same durability for lower-cost biomass containing higher contents of ash, N, and S, this would considerably boost the commercial viability of near-atmospheric pressure HDO. Further research should be directed to testing the durability of lower-cost HDO catalysts such as MoO3/TiO2 and further improving the activity and stability of lower-cost catalysts.

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