Fast Wavelength Locking of a Microring Resonator

Zhu, Xiaoliang; Padmaraju, Kishore; Luo, Lian-Wee; Yang, Sen; Glick, Madeleine; Dutt, Raj; Lipson, Michal; Bergman, Keren

doi:10.1109/lpt.2014.2355720

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The wavelength-selective nature of MRR unit does require wavelength alignment across the switching circuit, adding extra overhead. Various schemes for fast and efficient wavelength locking have been demonstrated [77][78][79]. Routing of WDM signals has been demonstrated leveraging the comb-switching technique [73].…”

Section: Mrr-based Optical Switchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic switching in high performance datacenters [Invited]

et al. 2018

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Photonic switches are increasingly considered for insertion in high performance datacenter architectures to meet the growing performance demands of interconnection networks. We provide an overview of photonic switching technologies and develop an evaluation methodology for assessing their potential impact on datacenter performance. We begin with a review of three categories of optical switches, namely, free-space switches, III-V integrated switches and silicon integrated switches. The state-of-the-art of MEMS, LCOS, SOA, MZI and MRR switching technologies are covered, together with insights on their performance limitations and scalability considerations. The performance metrics that are required for optical switches to truly emerge in datacenters are discussed and summarized, with special focus on the switching time, cost, power consumption, scalability and optical power penalty. Furthermore, the Pareto front of the switch metric space is analyzed. Finally, we propose a hybrid integrated switch fabric design using the III-V/Si wafer bonding technique and investigate its potential impact on realizing reduced cost and power penalty.

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Section: Mrr-based Optical Switchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic switching in high performance datacenters [Invited]

et al. 2018

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“…To date, four methods have been demonstrated to actively stabilize silicon microring resonators, including (i) a threshold-detection method for modulators by Zheng et al [111], (ii) a dithering-signal detection method by Padmaraju and co-workers [112,113], (iii) a balanced homodyne detection method by Cox et al [114], and (iv) a threshold-detection method and a related slope-detection method for switches and routers by Li and colleagues [115][116][117][118]. All these methods involved utilizing a photodetector as a monitor of the resonance wavelength alignment, an EO and/or TO tuner integrated with the microring for realignment, and a feedback-control circuit to control the tuners.…”

Section: E Active Resonance Wavelength Stabilization For Microringsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon and hybrid silicon photonic devices for intra-datacenter applications: state of the art and perspectives [Invited]

Liu¹,

Zhang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2015

Photon. Res.

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We review the state of the art and our perspectives on silicon and hybrid silicon photonic devices for optical interconnects in datacenters. After a brief discussion of the key requirements for intra-datacenter optical interconnects, we propose a wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM)-based optical interconnect for intra-datacenter applications. Following our proposed interconnects configuration, the bulk of the review emphasizes recent developments concerning on-chip hybrid silicon microlasers and WDM transmitters, and silicon photonic switch fabrics for intra-datacenters. For hybrid silicon microlasers and WDM transmitters, we outline the remaining challenges and key issues toward realizing low power consumption, direct modulation, and integration of multiwavelength microlaser arrays. For silicon photonic switch fabrics, we review various topologies and configurations of high-port-count N-by-N switch fabrics using Mach-Zehnder interferometers and microring resonators as switch elements, and discuss their prospects toward practical implementations with active reconfiguration. For the microring-based switch fabrics, we review recent developments of active stabilization schemes at the subsystem level. Last, we outline several large challenges and problems for silicon and hybrid silicon photonics to meet for intra-datacenter applications and propose potential solutions.

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“…To overcome this thermal dependence a variety of methods have been demonstrated [6], with very promising results using active control systems to drive a local integrated heater to maintain temperature stabilization. Active control systems increase the circuit setup latency because they require time to stabilize [16].…”

Section: A Initialization Delays On Silicon Photonic Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overall silicon photonic control system must be also capable of initializing microring elements to their operating wavelengths in an operation called wavelength locking. The time required to do so is on the order of tens to hundreds of microseconds and is limited by the thermal time constant of the device [16]. It should be noted that most currently demonstrated control systems require optical power going into the circuit to maintain stability.…”

Section: A Initialization Delays On Silicon Photonic Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the initialization delay of SiP devices is hard to minimize presently due to the limitation of the silicon thermal constant [16], such penalty can be overcome through careful architectural design. One such method is to explore the temporal locality in an application's communication pattern, where a node could reference a remote memory space multiple times within a short period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reuse Distance Based Circuit Replacement in Silicon Photonic Interconnection Networks for HPC

Wen

Calhoun

Rumley

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE 22nd Annual Symposium on High-Performance Interconnects

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Abstract-Optical interconnects, which support the transport of large bandwidths over warehouse-scale distance, can help to further scale data-movement capabilities in high performance computing (HPC) platforms. However, due to the circuit switching nature of optical systems and additional peculiarities, such as sensitivity to temperature and the need for wavelength channel locking, optical links generally show longer link initialization delays. These delays are a major obstacle in exploiting the high bandwidth of optics for application speedups, especially when low-latency remote direct memory access (RDMA) is required or small messages are used.These limitations can be overcome by maintaining a set of frequently used optical circuits based on the temporal locality of the application and by maximizing the number of reuses to amortize initialization overheads. However, since circuits cannot be simultaneously maintained between all source-destination pairs, the set of selected circuits must be carefully managed. This paper applies techniques inspired by cache optimizations to intelligently manage circuit resources with the goal of maximizing the circuit successful 'hit' rate. We propose the concept of "circuit reuse distance" and design circuit replacement policies based on this metric. We profile the reuse distance based on a group of representative HPC applications with different communications patterns and show the potential to amortize circuit setup delay over multiple circuit requests. We then develop a Markov transition matrix based reuse distance predictor and two circuit replacement policies. The proposed predictor provides significantly higher accuracy than traditional maximum likelihood prediction and the two replacement policies are shown to effectively increase the hit rate compared to the Least Recently Used policy. We further investigate the tradeoffs between the realized hit rate and energy consumption. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed concept is experimentally demonstrated using silicon photonic devices in an FPGAcontrolled network testbed.

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Fast Wavelength Locking of a Microring Resonator

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

Photonic switching in high performance datacenters [Invited]

Photonic switching in high performance datacenters [Invited]

Silicon and hybrid silicon photonic devices for intra-datacenter applications: state of the art and perspectives [Invited]

Reuse Distance Based Circuit Replacement in Silicon Photonic Interconnection Networks for HPC

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