Fastest, Highest, Strongest

Beamish, Rob; Ritchie, Ian

doi:10.4324/9780203967850

Cited by 84 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The player performances in this study point to the sensuousness of networked play : this network between a player and a machine, between multiple players and multiple technologies, is where e-sports offers a site to consider the intricacy of the interleaved state of human and nonhuman sporting performances where the endgame state is ultimately shaped by multiple actors (Giddings, 2006; Rigauer, 1981; T. L. Taylor, 2009). Furthermore, playing in these technologically complexified contexts brings up the notion of a “redescription of the body” as suggested in traditional sports by the use of performance enhancing drugs, hyperbaric oxygen chambers, or technologically advanced swimsuits (Beamish & Ritchie, 2006). Such a redescription provides “new possibilities for others never before dreamed of” (Roberts in Butryn, 2002, p. 123).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Digital Playing Field

Witkowski

2012

Games and Culture

203

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In the following article, the author explores the notion of playing computer games as sports by sketching out the labors and sensations of Counter-Strike teams playing at pro/am e-sports local area network (LAN) tournaments. How players are engaged physically in practice and play is described in this qualitative study through the core themes of movement, haptic engagement, and the balanced body. Furthermore, the research describes how technologies in play are laboring actors too; the players and technologies in this study are rendered as networked, extended, and acting in and on the same fields of play. In asking is there a ''sport'' in e-sports, this study questions the legitimacy of a traditional sports ontology and simultaneously tackles the notion of engagement with computer game play as a legitimate sporting endeavor.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Digital Playing Field

Witkowski

2012

Games and Culture

203

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“…Discussions on participation in athletic competitions and on the definition of "amateur" athletes are as old as modern sport. 15 Despite its common usage and seemingly straightforward meaning, tracing the origins and meanings of amateurism has proven difficult for researchers. Yet this ideal guided much of the decision-making regarding athletes and the way sport was to be contested for most of the twentieth century.…”

Section: The Origins Of International Amateur Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1967, Soviet IOC member Constantin Andrianov demanded that the IOC change its "antiquated" amateur rules. 33 However, the removal of amateurism was not his goal. The Soviets were very much aware that open professionalism would disadvantage their state-sponsored sport system.…”

Section: The Iaaf's Fight To Remain Amateurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dropping the Amateur: The International Association of Athletics Federations and the Turn Toward Professionalism

Henning

Krieger

2020

Sport History Review

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When the International Association of Amateur Athletics (IAAF) changed its name to International Association of Athletics Federations in 2001, it was more than an acknowledgment of the organization’s acceptance of professional athletes. Rather, this change symbolized a shift in thinking about the nature of athletics, what athletics competitions represented, and the commercialization of the sport that had been decades in the making. This article will consider the IAAF’s pursuit to maintain control over global athletics through its transition from an amateur sport federation to a professional sport governing body. Drawing on official documents and personal archives of IAAF officials, the authors trace the internal views and debates, beginning with the IAAF’s fight to maintain amateurism against collective pushback over issues of athlete pay, to the full acceptance of professionalism. The main focus of this article lies in the transition period in the 1980s and 1990s. The authors show how dropping the amateur from the name reflected not only the new embrace of professional athletes, but also the organizational turn away from amateur athletics. The authors will identify the processes that finally forced the breakdown of amateurism and ushered in a new era of professional athletics.

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“…Social scientists studying the relationship between science and technology, and sport and physical culture have devoted much attention to challenging the ontological and epistemological proclivities of the 'hard science' approach of sports scientists (Maguire 2004;Andrews et al 2013), questioning epistemological divisions (Vertinsky 2009;Pringle and Falcous 2016), and critiquing the discursive power of biomedical de nitions of health (Fusco 2006;Rail and Jette 2015;Thorpe 2016), the body (Pronger 2002;Hargreaves and Vertinsky 2007;Markula 2014), and obesity science (Gard and Wright 2006;Gard 2011;Rail 2012). Similarly, following Brohm's (1978) ground-breaking vituperation, scholars have critically examined sports science and sports medicine (Hoberman 1992; Malcolm 2017) emphasizing doping (Miah 2004;Beamish and Ritchie 2006;Moller, Waddington, and Hoberman 2015) and athlete classification regarding gender (Cooky and Dworkin 2013;Wells and Darnell 2014;Kidd 2017) and disability (Purdue and Howe 2013;Schalk 2016). Most recently, assumptions, claims and impacts of health surveillance technologies have been examined (Lupton 2012;Millington 2016Millington , 2018Rich and Miah 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory production of health and performance: an ethnographic investigation of an exercise physiology laboratory

Gibson

2018

Sport in Society

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Critical scholars of sport and physical culture have devoted signi cant attention to developing critiques of epistemological hierarchies and the discursive power of biomedical knowledge in sport, exercise and physical activity. However, such work has largely failed to engage in an empirically grounded fashion with the processes of knowledge production. Furthermore, relative to its importance in the creation of knowledge, the laboratory is conspicuous in its absence from both critical discussions and as a site for empirical research. By way of response, this study draws on data collected from over 1000 h of participant observation and 53 semi-structured interviews to explore how underlying political and social values are articulated through relationships between knowledge creation, transfer and claims-making, and specific social frames in exercise physiology, a cornerstone of sports science. Rather than rehearse methodological challenges and critiques, the analysis presented demonstrates, contrary to critical analyses of scientific research that charge biomedical sciences with producing de-contextualised knowledge, laboratory-based sports science is thoroughly contextualised, albeit in specific and nuanced ways. Specifically, exercise physiology knowledge production is characterised by dehumanization and rehumanization processes. The relationship between these processes is not unilinear or sequential, but reciprocal and recursive. Nonetheless, dehumanization is the basis upon which exercise physiology knowledge is made applicable. Rehumanization is how it becomes desirable.

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Fastest, Highest, Strongest

Cited by 84 publications

References 0 publications

On the Digital Playing Field

On the Digital Playing Field

Dropping the Amateur: The International Association of Athletics Federations and the Turn Toward Professionalism

Laboratory production of health and performance: an ethnographic investigation of an exercise physiology laboratory

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