Fasting plasma C-peptide, glucagon stimulated plasma C-peptide, and urinary C-peptide in relation to clinical type of diabetes

Gjessing, H. J.; Matzen, Louise Hauge; Faber, O. K.; Frøland, Anders

doi:10.1007/bf00265547

Cited by 94 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Diabetes was classified as either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus on clinical grounds (WHO Report 1985). Where classification was difficult, a glucagon-stimulated C-peptide level was measured to distinguish between type 1 and type 2 diabetes (Gjessing et al 1989). Secondary diabetes was diagnosed when an obvious and verified cause, such as pancreatitis, was found.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinopathy in diabetic patients aged 15-50 years in the county of Umeå, Sweden

Alm

Lithner

et al. 1999

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT.Purspose: To examine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and its relation to certain risk factors (glycosylated hemoglobin, blood pressure, serum creatinine, proteinuria, smoking) in a population-based study on a specific age-group of patients with diabetes mellitus in the county of Umeå, Sweden. Methods: All diabetic patients aged 15-50 years living in the county of Umeå were invited to the study. A standard clinical and eye examination was performed, and seven-field stereoscopic photographs were taken of each eye. Blood and urine samples were collected. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. Results: Of the eligible 395 patients 285 (91%) participated in the study. 285 patients (79%) had diabetes mellitus type 1, 71 (20%) subjects had diabetes mellitus type 2, and 3 patients (1%) had secondary diabetes. In the statistical analysis performed on patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, duration, presence of hypertension, systolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum creatinine, proteinuria and smoking all were significantly related to increasing degree of retinopathy when a univariate model was applied. However, when a multivariate analysis was performed only duration, proteinuria, glycosylated hemoglobin and male gender were statistically significantly associated with severeness of retinopathy. Conclusion: Increased duration of diabetes, inadequate metabolic control as measured by glycosylated hemoglobin, proteinuria and male gender are factors that are associated with a higher incidence of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes mellitus type 1.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinopathy in diabetic patients aged 15-50 years in the county of Umeå, Sweden

Alm

Lithner

et al. 1999

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Diabetes was classified as either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus on clinical grounds (WHO Study Group 1985). Where classification was difficult, a glucagon-stimulated C-peptide level was measured to distinguish between type 1 and type 2 diabetes (Gjessing et al 1989). Secondary diabetes was diagnosed when an obvious and verified cause, such as pancreatitis, was found.…”

Section: Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of hyperlipidemia with retinopathy in diabetic patients aged 15‐50 years in the county of Umeå

Alm

Lithner

et al. 1999

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: To study possible associations between serum lipid levels and degree of retinopathy in a population-based study on a specific age-group of patients with diabetes mellitus in the county of Umeå, Sweden. Methods: All patients with diabetes mellitus aged 15-50 years living in the county of Umeå were invited to the study. The participating subjects had a standard clinical examination and an eye examination performed. Seven-field stereoscopic photographs were taken of each eye, and the photos were sent to Grading Center, Hammersmith Hospital, London, U.K. for grading of the retinopathy. Blood samples were drawn for analysis of lipoprotein(a), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, cholesterol and triglycerides. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. Results: In the present study only patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus were included, and 285 of the invited 308 diabetic subjects (93%) took part. When univariate analysis was applied we found statistically significant associations between higher lipoprotein(a) levels, higher triglyceride levels, higher cholesterol levels, lower HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol ratios and increasing severeness of retinopathy. However, in the multivariate analysis triglyceride levels lost their importance while all other significant associations were still present. Conclusion: Associations were found between higher levels of serum total cholesterol, declining ratios of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol/total cholesterol, higher levels of serum lipoprotein(a) and more severe retinopathy in diabetes mellitus type 1. No such association was found between serum triglycerides and degree of retinopathy.

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“…P values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. gon injection (glucagon test) was introduced more than a decade ago as a measure of pancreatic responsiveness in type 1 diabetes [4,5] and T2D [5][6][7][8][9]. The glucagon test has also been used in attempts to discriminate whether T2D-patients require insulin for hyperglycemic control [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%