Fat Cell Size, Insulin Sensitivity, and Inflammation in Obese Children

Maffeis, Claudio; Silvagni, Davide; Bonadonna, Riccardo C.; Grezzani, Alessandra; Baratto, Claudia; Tatò, Luciano

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.04.053

Cited by 70 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…38 A previous study that assessed the association between IL-6 and TNF-a, adiposity, fat cell size and insulin sensitivity in a group of overweight and obese prepubertal children found that adipocity size, more than BMI and fat mass, was significantly associated with both inflammatory markers. 40 Moreover, in the present study, dietary factors were associated with subclinical inflammation markers (adiponectin, leptin, PAI-1 and IL-6); although the relationship was mainly mediated by fat mass (BMI) and body fat distribution (WHtR). Diet may modulate the association between adiposity and subclinical inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Dietary factors associated with subclinical inflammation among girls

et al. 2013

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Dietary factors associated with subclinical inflammation among girls

et al. 2013

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“…Excess body weight may be associated with a state of chronic low-grade inflammation in children [73]. CRP levels become elevated with increasing obesity in children and adolescents, and this may allow the identification of a higher proportion of subjects with metabolic syndrome [62, 74].…”

Section: Biochemical Definition and Methods Of Measurement Of Irmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TNF-α may also inhibit synthesis of adiponectin and enhance the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue, which affects whole-body energy homeostasis and overall insulin sensitivity [80]. Maffeis et al [73] demonstrated a positive correlation between IL-6, TNF-α and adipocyte diameter studied by a needle biopsy of subcutaneous abdominal fat in obese children.…”

Section: Biochemical Definition and Methods Of Measurement Of Irmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Resistance Markers in Children

Eyzaguirre

Mericq

2009

Horm Res Paediatr

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The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents is progressively increasing around the world. One of the important consequences of obesity is the development of insulin resistance (IR). This condition has a multifactorial pathogenesis and is associated with cardiovascular risk, diabetes, hypertension, polycystic-ovary syndrome and a shorter lifespan. IR during childhood may be diagnosed by physical examination or there may be clues in the histories of the patient and his/her family. When IR is suspected, tests on a blood sample (which are more reliable) are recommended. Most of the biochemical markers have been well defined in adults, but appropriate reference data for children are still lacking. Here we discuss the usefulness of various currently known biochemical markers to evaluate insulin sensitivity (homeostatic model assessment, the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, the oral glucose tolerance test, Matsuda method and the whole-body insulin resistance index), hormones (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, glucocorticoids, the insulin-like growth factor-1-binding protein/growth hormone axis, ghrelin, sex hormone-binding globulin and retinol-binding protein-4) and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, IL-6, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin), which can be used in the diagnosis of IR in children.

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“…We found an increase in lymphocytes, plasma cells and cellularity in the lamina propria and in the epithelium. An increase of the infiltration has been reported in association with insulin resistance and/or diarrhea persistence [38][39][40][41]61]. In the sixties, a number of state prisoners volunteered an experiment on energy intake decrease for months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

"Initial Hunger" for All? A Study on Undernourished Infants

Ciampolini¹

2014

JPNC

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Aim: A meal/satiety pattern dictated by the rhythmic arousal of Initial Hunger (IH and IHMP) is used by overweight people to decrease body weight. We however conceived IHMP to improve intestinal absorption and diminish immune involvement in intestinal mucosa as well as throughout the body (overall subclinical inflammation). The purpose of IHMP may be shown by its early employment in undernourished infants.Methods: Nine malnourished infants (weight per age lower than 70%) with diarrhea in the first 15 months of age were investigated in a controlled, randomized study. Organic diseases were excluded by conventional procedures, including intestinal biopsy. Six infants were assigned to the intervention and 3 to the control group. Compliance, intake, and anthropometry were recorded in hospital for 2 months, and then by frequent visiting and 7-day home diary under intervention for 5 total times in two years.Results: Six subjects under intervention and three controls were followed for at least 2 years. Energy intake decreased from 126±21 kcal/kg/d to 85±6 kcal/kg/d in treated infants and from 111±53 kcal/kg/d to 107±37 kcal/kg/d in the first 2 months of study (P<0.01 on longitudinal differences). Days with vomiting became null after 2 months of treatment, whereas in control subjects, 4 or 5 events every 60 days persisted for all follow-ups. Further longitudinal differences were significant on days with diarrhea after three months, and on plasma triglycerides at the two sampled times during treatment. The difference in the Chi square for trend was significant on energy intake and in the numbers of days with vomiting or diarrhea (P<0.002). Serum triglycerides decreased from 148±27 mg/dL to 70±10 mg/dL under intervention, and increased from 119±47 mg/dl to 139±59mg/dl in controls (P<0.002 on the difference). Values after two years of follow-ups were respectively: 73.2 ± 12.3 mg/dL and 89 ± 37 mg/dL (P<0.05). Toward the end of the study, anthropometric measurements increased per age from recruitment in treated infants with differences from control subjects that were not significant in the longitudinal comparisons between groups. Weight per age reached 88.8±8.7% under intervention, and 79.7±10.2% in controls after two years (not significant). Psychomotor development was normal except for one control infant. Conclusion:High triglycerides (and associated insulin resistance with an overall subclinical inflammation) are involved in the persistence of diarrhea and on malnutrition in these undernourished infants as in the development of functional bowel disorders and over weight in adults. IHMP was an actual solution also for malnourished infants.

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Fat Cell Size, Insulin Sensitivity, and Inflammation in Obese Children

Cited by 70 publications

References 18 publications

Dietary factors associated with subclinical inflammation among girls

Dietary factors associated with subclinical inflammation among girls

Insulin Resistance Markers in Children

"Initial Hunger" for All? A Study on Undernourished Infants

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