Fat Deposition and Fat Effects on Meat Quality—A Review

Schumacher, Madison; DelCurto-Wyffels, Hannah M; Thomson, Jennifer M.; Boles, J.A.

doi:10.3390/ani12121550

Cited by 67 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Fat thickness was greater (P = 0.007) for Choice and Select carcasses than for Standard carcasses (Table 2). This is expected, as increasing marbling is needed for higher-quality grades and is usually associated with higher fat content in the whole carcass [3,6].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…2 Postmortem days of aging of steaks at 4°C in vacuum package. 3 Newtons can be translated to kg by dividing by 9.80665 a,b,c Different letters within a column are significantly different at P< 0.05.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…level increased in steaks from Japanese Black steers. Other researchers have reported that increasing levels of marbling results in a higher likelihood of a tender product [3][4]. In general, as subcutaneous fat increases, marbling also increases, and producers have used visual observations of fat and live body weight to determine harvest times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Pathways for Muscle and Adipose Tissue are Altered between Animals Classed as Choice or Standard

Haderlie¹,

Hieber²,

Boles³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Targets for finished livestock are often determined by expected fat, either subcutaneous or intramuscular. These targets are used frequently to improve the chances of acceptable eating quality. Lower intramuscular fat, lack of product uniformity, and reduced or insufficient tenderness can negatively impact beef acceptability. This study aimed to investigate differences in gene expression that potentially alter subsequent metabolism and intercellular signaling in the muscle and proximate intermuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissue in beef carcasses at different fat endpoints. In this study, Longissimus thoracis muscle samples and associated adipose tissue were collected at harvest. RNA was harvested from both tissues, and individual samples were sequenced using RNAseq. Differential expression was determined using edgeR, and p-values were adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg method. A corrected p-value of 0.005 and log₂ (fold change) of 1 was set as the threshold to identify differential expression of genes. Comparison between intermuscular fat and subcutaneous fat showed no differences between the genes activated in the two adipose tissue depots, suggesting that subcutaneous fat could be sampled to evaluate changes in adipose tissue. Carcass data allowed the classification of carcasses by projected USDA quality grades (marbling targets). In the comparison between muscle from Standard and Choice carcasses, 15 genes were downregulated, and 20 were upregulated. The insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS 1) gene was the only known functionally important gene to be differentially expressed. There were 49 downregulated genes and 113 upregulated genes in the comparison between adipose tissue from Standard and Choice carcasses. These genes are mostly related to the metabolism of fat and energy. This potentially indicates that muscle is not changing at the transcript level as much as the adipose tissue at the sampled endpoints. Also, subcutaneous fat can be used to evaluate transcript changes in both subcutaneous and intermuscular fat. However, it is not clear if these fat tissues can be used as surrogates for intramuscular fat or marbling.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Molecular Pathways for Muscle and Adipose Tissue are Altered between Animals Classed as Choice or Standard

Haderlie¹,

Hieber²,

Boles³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fat deposition significantly impacts the meat yield and the meat quality of beef cattle, which strongly depend on the preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, elucidating the molecular regulatory mechanism of underlying bovine preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation could facilitate the breeding of beef cattle with good marbling . MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA molecules that regulate post-transcriptional silencing of target genes involved in several biological processes that play essential roles in animal growth and development. − MiR-493 is a significant tumor gene extensively studied in lung, prostate, colon, bladder, and liver cancers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bta-miR-493 Inhibits Bovine Preadipocytes Differentiation by Targeting BMPR1A via the TGFβ/BMP and p38MAPK Signaling Pathways

Feng

Wang

Yuan

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Fat deposition significantly impacts the meat yield and the meat quality of beef cattle, which is closely associated with the preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. Bta-miR-493 is expressed differentially in the backfat of Qinchuan cattle of various ages, and it may be involved in the fat accumulation of beef cattle. However, the role and functional mechanism of bta-miR-493 in fat deposition are still unclear. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that the level of bta-miR-493 was moderately abundant in the adipose tissues of beef cattle. Moreover, the expression of bta-miR-493 in perirenal fat, subcutaneous fat, and longissimus dorsi muscle of Japanese black cattle was significantly higher than that in Qinchuan cattle. EdU staining, cell counting assay, and Oil Red O staining indicated that bta-miR-493 promoted the proliferation of bovine preadipocytes but inhibited their differentiation. The dual luciferase assay and transcriptomic analysis confirmed that bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A (BMPR1A) is a target gene of bta-miR-493. Moreover, rescue experiments showed that bta-miR-493 could promote bovine preadipocyte proliferation but inhibit their differentiation by targeting BMPR1A via the TGFβ/BMP and p38MAPK signaling pathways. Overall, our findings revealed a bta-miR-493-BMPR1A-TGFβ/BMP/p38MAPK regulatory axis that will serve as a theoretical foundation for the molecular breeding of beef cattle with high intramuscular fat deposition.

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“…Most MQTs, such as backfat thickness, eye muscle area, intramuscular fat (IMF) content, marbling, shear force, muscle fibre sectional area, etc., are related to body fat metabolism/deposition (Schumacher et al, 2022). The gut microbiota has been dubbed the second set of the host genome, closely associated with host metabolism and health (Noel et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of differential meat quality traits with gut microbiota in Angus cattle and Xinjiang Brown cattle

Chen¹,

Chen²,

Sun³

et al. 2022

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Fat Deposition and Fat Effects on Meat Quality—A Review

Cited by 67 publications

References 129 publications

Molecular Pathways for Muscle and Adipose Tissue are Altered between Animals Classed as Choice or Standard

Molecular Pathways for Muscle and Adipose Tissue are Altered between Animals Classed as Choice or Standard

Bta-miR-493 Inhibits Bovine Preadipocytes Differentiation by Targeting BMPR1A via the TGFβ/BMP and p38MAPK Signaling Pathways

Association of differential meat quality traits with gut microbiota in Angus cattle and Xinjiang Brown cattle

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