Fat deposition in Hereford and Friesian steers: 2. Cellular development of the major fat depots

Truscott, T. G.; Wood, J. D.; Denny, H. R.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600033402

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Truscott et al (1983) observed that the internal OM and PR adipose tissue depots have a constant number of adipocytes fixed at an early age. In the present study adipocyte hypertrophy was the principle method of lipid accumulation during the growth period from 320 to 540 kg BW in both the OM and PR depots, with adipocyte size increasing in all the breeds considered (Table 2) but there being hardly any change in the number of adipocytes in these same depots (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some that have, include papers by Hood and Allen (1973), who compared young Holstein and Hereford £ Angus bulls the same age (14 months) and weight (275 kg carcass weight); Robelin (1981), who examined young Friesian and Charolais bulls at different maturity stages (15 to 65 percent of mature weight); Truscott et al (1983), who compared young Friesian and Hereford bulls at different ages (10,13,17, and 20 months), and May et al (1994) who compared Angus and Wagyu crossbed steers at 2 years of age. A review of the findings of these papers brings home the important influence of genotype on lipid accumulation, because the effect of genotype in all cases turns out to be significant at any given weight, age, or maturity stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adipocyte cellularity in different adipose depots in bulls of seven Spanish breeds slaughtered at two body weights

Alzon

Mendizábal

Arana

et al. 2007

Animal

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The influence of body weight (BW) at slaughter and genotype on adipocyte size and number in the omental (OM), perirenal (PR), subcutaneous (SC) and intermuscular (IM) adipose tissues was studied in 168 bulls of Spain's local Asturiana, Avileñ a, Morucha, Parda Alpina, Pirenaica, Retinta, and Rubia Gallega cattle breeds. The young bulls were slaughtered at two BWs, 320 and 540 kg. The results obtained showed the higher amounts of lipids that accumulated between 320 and 540 kg BW (P , 0.001) to be ascribable primarily to adipose cell hypertrophy, i.e. larger adipocyte size, in the OM and PR depots (P , 0.001). In addition to hypertrophy, there was also an increase (P , 0.001) in the number of adipose cells, i.e. hyperplasia, in the SC and IM adipose depots. Significant differences were observed when comparing the different genotypes, with the Morucha, Retinta and Avileñ a breeds having the highest amount of adipose tissue and the largest adipocytes. The Asturiana and Rubia Gallega breeds had the lowest amount of adipose tissue and the smallest adipocytes. The Pirenaica and Parda Alpina breeds had intermediate values in between the two groups identified above. In short, the results were indicative of different lipid deposition patterns in the different breeds depending on the individual growth and maturation rates in each. Similar findings were made when comparing the different adipose tissue depots, with adipocyte hypertrophy being the main factor responsible for lipid accumulation in the OM and PR depots, as opposed to adipocyte hyperplasia in the SC and IM depots.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipocyte cellularity in different adipose depots in bulls of seven Spanish breeds slaughtered at two body weights

Alzon

Mendizábal

Arana

et al. 2007

Animal

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“…The hierarchic body condition scoring system of Ferguson et al (1994) is based on Holstein regularities. If the subcutaneous fat distribution varies between different cattle types and breeds (Truscott et al, 1983;Wright and Russel, 1984;Jilg and Weinberg, 1998;Rastani et al, 2001), it is quite reasonable to assume that hierarchically structured body condition scoring systems developed for Holstein cows entail the risk of an erroneous assessment when applied strictly without consideration of the cows overall appearance. Depending on their amount of hybridization with Brown Swiss, the cattle used in this study were to a greater or lesser extent dairy-type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of a classical with a highly formularized body condition scoring system for dairy cattle

Isensee

Leiber

Bieber

et al. 2014

Animal

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Body condition scoring is a common tool to assess the subcutaneous fat reserves of dairy cows. Because of its subjectivity, which causes limits in repeatability, it is often discussed controversially. Aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of considering the cows overall appearance on the scoring process and on the validity of the results. Therefore, two different methods to reveal body condition scores (BCS), 'independent BCS' (iBCS) and 'dependent BCS' (dBCS), were used to assess 1111 Swiss Brown Cattle. The iBCS and the dBCS systems were both working with the same flowchart with a decision tree structure for visual and palpatory assessment using a scale from 2 to 5 with increment units of 0.25. The iBCS was created strictly complying with the defined frames of the decision tree structure. The system was chosen due to its formularized approach to reduce the influence of subjective impressions. By contrast, the dBCS system, which was in line with common practice, had a more open approach, where -besides the decision tree -the overall impression of the cow's physical appearance was taken into account for generating the final score. Ultrasound measurement of the back fat thickness (BFT) was applied as a validation method. The dBCS turned out to be the better predictor of BFT, explaining 67.3% of the variance. The iBCS was only able to explain 47.3% of the BFT variance. Within the whole data set, only 31.3% of the animals received identical dBCS and iBCS. The pin bone region caused the most deviations between dBCS and iBCS, but also assessing the pelvis line, the hook bones and the ligaments led to divergences in around 20% of the scored animals. The study showed that during the assessment of body condition a strict adherence to a decision tree is a possible source of inexact classifications. Some body regions, especially the pin bones, proved to be particularly challenging for scoring due to difficulties in assessing them. All the more, the inclusion of the overall appearance of the cow into the assessment process counteracted these errors and led to a fair predictability of BFT with the flowchart-based BCS. This might be particularly important, if different cattle types and breeds are assessed.

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“…doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.02.008 (Callow, 1962). Breed also influences the pattern of systemic fat depot development (Kempster, 1980(Kempster, -1981 with breeds noted for beef production, such as Herefords, having more SC and less abdominal fat at the same weight of total fat than breeds noted for milk production, such as Friesians (Truscott, Wood, & Denny, 1983;Wright & Russel, 1984). Furthermore, at the same body weight, late-maturing breeds have a lower concentration of fat than early-maturing breeds Martínez et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of intramuscular, intermuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissues in yearling bulls of different genetic groups

et al. 2007

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Fatty acid (FA) composition of intramuscular (IM, Longissimus thoracis muscle), intermuscular (IT) and subcutaneous (SC) fat of one hundred intensively fed yearling bulls with different propensities to fatten were studied. Meat samples were collected from Asturiana de los Valles bulls with different genotypes with respect to the myostatin gene (mh/mh n = 24, mh/+ n = 26 and +/+ n = 25) and from Asturiana de la Montañ a (n = 25) bulls lacking the mutation responsible for double muscling and characterised by small to mediumframe size adapted to less favoured mountain areas. FA profiles were expressed as percentages of total FA (g/100 g of total FA) and organised into groups (saturated (SFA), branched (BFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), C18:1trans, polyunsaturated (PUFA), n À 6, n À 3, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), unsaturated (UFA)) and ratios (MUFA/SFA (M/S), PUFA/SFA (P/S), UFA/SFA (U/S), n À 6/n À 3).The IT depot was the most saturated and SC depot contained the most monounsaturated FAs, while IM fat had the most polyunsaturated FAs. IM fat showed the highest P/S ratio and for the n À 6/n À 3 ratio there were no significant differences between adipose tissue depots.In general, genotype effects were more pronounced in IM and SC fat profiles compared to the IT depot, for which no significant differences between genotypes were found in SFA, PUFA (including n À 6 and n À 3), UFA and most of the ratios. IM fat of mh/mh animals had the highest content of PUFA and thus the highest P/S ratio. Accordingly, the presence of the gene causing double muscling influenced the tendency to deposit carcass fat and its FA composition, mainly in IM fat. In general, when carcass fat decreased, SFA content decreased while PUFA and UFA contents increased due to the changes in their percentages.

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Fat deposition in Hereford and Friesian steers: 2. Cellular development of the major fat depots

Cited by 27 publications

References 5 publications

Adipocyte cellularity in different adipose depots in bulls of seven Spanish breeds slaughtered at two body weights

Adipocyte cellularity in different adipose depots in bulls of seven Spanish breeds slaughtered at two body weights

Comparison of a classical with a highly formularized body condition scoring system for dairy cattle

Characterisation of intramuscular, intermuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissues in yearling bulls of different genetic groups

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