Fat-Free Mass and Bone Mineral Density of Young Soccer Players: Proposal of Equations Based on Anthropometric Variables

Abstract

Background The assessment of body composition may assist in optimizing competitive efficiency and monitoring the success of training regimes for young soccer players. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors for Fat-Free Mass (FFM) and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of young soccer players. Also, the goal was to propose regression equations to estimate FFM and BDM through anthropometric variables. Methods One hundred and sixty-seven young soccer players ages 10.0 to 19.9 years old were studied. Weight, height, trunk-cephalic length, right arm circumference, diameter of the humerus, and length of the foot were assessed. FFM and BDM were determined by using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Maturity status using Peak Height Velocity (PHV) was calculated. Results Maturity status, weight, and circumference of the relaxed arm positively related to the FFM ( R 2 = 41–66%). Similarly, PHV, weight, diameter of the humerus, and length of the foot explained BDM in both groups of soccer players (goalkeepers and filed players) ( R 2 = 45–82%). Six equations to predict FFM ( R 2 = 62–69%) and six to predict BDM ( R 2 = 69–90%) were created. Chronological age had a limited use for predicting FFM and BDM. Conclusion Results suggested the use and application of the regression equations as a non-invasive alternative for everyday use in soccer clubs.

The Role of Somatic Maturation on Bioimpedance Patterns and Body Composition in Male Elite Youth Soccer Players

“…Additionally, a high fat mass percentage (%FM) negatively affects endurance, strength and power qualities, which are assessed by soccer-specific tests [8,10]. Indeed, recent studies have shown that advanced biological maturity, within single year chronological age (CA) categories, is associated with advantages in body size and fat free mass (FFM) in adolescent athletes [5,11,12].…”

Relationship between muscular fitness and bone health in young baseball players

“…Several studies have previously evidenced these relationships in other sports modalities such as judo, karate, tennis, basketball, soccer. [26][27][28][29][30] There is now strong empirical evidence that physical exercise affects normal muscle and bone development, 31,32 specifically muscular resistance training is important to improve strength, increase lean mass (regional and body) and prevent risk factors that may compromise the mineral integrity of bone tissue, in any age group and of both sexes. 33 Young baseball players classified with low bone density and bone .…”

Efecto de 2 y 4 meses de práctica de fútbol en el desarrollo osteogénico de niños prepuberales

“…Las causas de estas diferencias están marcadas por la mayor actividad física que tienen que soportar los huesos de la pierna, ya que están continuamente soportando el cuerpo y las acciones del balón. Por otro lado, el estudio de Zouch et al (2008), el BMC podría deberse al nivel de desarrollo en el que se encuentran los niños, ya que la pubertad es la etapa en la que los niños experimentan una mayor curva de crecimiento (Gomez-Campos et al, 2019). Por otro lado, también se observó una disminución del porcentaje de masa grasa con el entrenamiento.…”