Fatal Chagas myocarditis in government working dogs in the southern United States: Cross-reactivity and differential diagnoses in five cases across six months

Meyers, Alyssa C.; Edwards, Erin E.; Sanders, John P.; Saunders, Ashley B.; Hamer, Sarah A.

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100545

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Infection with T. cruzi shows no strong breed predilection, and shelter and stray dogs are likely exposed to T. cruzi often due to their high level of exposure to vectors, resulting in high prevalence of infection [20,23,29,30]. Additionally, government working dogs along the USA-Mexico border are exposed to T. cruzi with a seroprevalence of up to 18.9% [27], in which infections have led to fatal cardiac disease [31]. Canine Chagas diagnostics are challenged by the limited number of approved tests validated for use in dogs in the USA, and often, in accordance with WHO guidelines for Chagas testing in humans, more than one serologic test is required for canine Chagas diagnoses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, government working dogs along the USA-Mexico border are exposed to T . cruzi with a seroprevalence of up to 18.9% [ 27 ], in which infections have led to fatal cardiac disease [ 31 ]. Canine Chagas diagnostics are challenged by the limited number of approved tests validated for use in dogs in the USA, and often, in accordance with WHO guidelines for Chagas testing in humans, more than one serologic test is required for canine Chagas diagnoses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High incidence of Trypanosoma cruzi infections in dogs directly detected through longitudinal tracking at 10 multi-dog kennels, Texas, USA

et al. 2021

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Canine Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is increasingly recognized as a health concern for dogs in the USA, and infected dogs may signal geographic regions of risk for human disease. Dogs living in multi-dog kennel environments (kennels with more than one dog) where triatomine vectors are endemic may be at high risk for infection. We monitored a cohort of 64 T. cruzi-infected and uninfected dogs across 10 kennels in Texas, USA, to characterize changes in infection status over one year. We used robust diagnostic criteria in which reactivity on multiple independent platforms was required to be considered positive. Among the 30 dogs enrolled as serologically- and/or PCR-positive, all but one dog showed sustained positive T. cruzi diagnostic results over time. Among the 34 dogs enrolled as serologically- and PCR-negative, 10 new T. cruzi infections were recorded over a 12-month period. The resulting incidence rate for dogs initially enrolled as T. cruzi-negative was 30.7 T. cruzi infections per 100 dogs per year. This study highlights the risk of T. cruzi infection to dogs in kennel environments. To protect both dog and human health, there is an urgent need to develop more integrated vector control methods as well as prophylactic and curative antiparasitic treatment options for T. cruzi infection in dogs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High incidence of Trypanosoma cruzi infections in dogs directly detected through longitudinal tracking at 10 multi-dog kennels, Texas, USA

et al. 2021

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“…Of these RIPA-tested samples, 86/413 (21%) were positive for T. cruzi [ 188 ]. Meyers et al (2021) used rapid tests on 100 canine samples to distinguish T. cruzi or L. infantum infections from cross-reactions on indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests [ 189 ]. After accounting for three cross-reactive samples, the authors concluded a 2% seroprevalence for L. infantum [ 189 ].…”

Section: Protozoal Co-infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meyers et al (2021) used rapid tests on 100 canine samples to distinguish T. cruzi or L. infantum infections from cross-reactions on indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests [ 189 ]. After accounting for three cross-reactive samples, the authors concluded a 2% seroprevalence for L. infantum [ 189 ]. In all, a combination of serological tests or PCR methods may be needed to determine co-infection of T. cruzi and L. infantum or a single infection.…”

Section: Protozoal Co-infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic, Clinical and Immunological Consequences of Co-Infections during Canine Leishmaniosis

Beasley

Pessôa‐Pereira

Scorza

et al. 2021

Animals

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Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a vector-borne, parasitic disease. CanL is endemic in the Mediterranean basin and South America but also found in Northern Africa, Asia, and the U.S. Regions with both competent sand fly vectors and L. infantum parasites are also endemic for additional infectious diseases that could cause co-infections in dogs. Growing evidence indicates that co-infections can impact immunologic responses and thus the clinical course of both CanL and the comorbid disease(s). The aim for this review is to summarize epidemiologic, clinical, and immunologic factors contributing to eight primary co-infections reported with CanL: Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., Borrelia spp., Babesia spp., Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii, Dirofilaria immitis, Paracoccidioides braziliensis. Co-infection causes mechanistic differences in immunity which can alter diagnostics, therapeutic management, and prognosis of dogs with CanL. More research is needed to further explore immunomodulation during CanL co-infection(s) and their clinical impact.

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“…Infection with T. cruzi shows no strong breed predilection, and shelter and stray dogs are likely exposed to T. cruzi often due to their high level of exposure to vectors, resulting in high prevalence of infection (19, 22, 28, 29). Additionally, government working dogs along the USA-Mexico border are exposed to T. cruzi with a seroprevalence of up to 18.9% (26), in which infections have led to fatal cardiac disease (30). In both humans and dogs, Chagas disease causes a range of clinical symptoms, progressing through acute and chronic stages of disease, which can include severe heart disease and death (3, 21, 31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unprecedented incidence of Trypanosoma cruzi infections in a cohort of dogs directly detected through longitudinal tracking at multi-dog kennels, Texas, USA

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Canine Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is increasingly recognized as a health concern for dogs in the USA, and infected dogs may signal geographic regions of risk for human disease. Dogs living in multi-dog kennel environments where triatomine vectors are endemic may be at high risk for infection. We monitored a cohort of 64 T. cruzi -infected and uninfected dogs from across 10 kennels in Texas, USA, to characterize changes in infection status over time. We used robust diagnostic criteria in which reactivity on multiple independent platforms was required to be considered positive. Among the 30 dogs enrolled as serologically- and/or PCR-positive, all but one dog showed sustained positive T. cruzi diagnostic results over time. Among the 34 dogs enrolled as serologically- and PCR-negative, 10 new T. cruzi infections were recorded over a 12-month period. The resulting incidence rate was 30.7 T. cruzi infections per 100 dogs per year. This study highlights the risk of T . cruzi infection to dogs in kennel environments, despite multiple vector control methods employed by kennel owners. To protect both dog and human health, there is an urgent need to develop more integrated vector control methods as well as prophylactic and curative antiparasitic treatment options for T. cruzi infection in dogs.

show abstract

Fatal Chagas myocarditis in government working dogs in the southern United States: Cross-reactivity and differential diagnoses in five cases across six months

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

High incidence of Trypanosoma cruzi infections in dogs directly detected through longitudinal tracking at 10 multi-dog kennels, Texas, USA

High incidence of Trypanosoma cruzi infections in dogs directly detected through longitudinal tracking at 10 multi-dog kennels, Texas, USA

Epidemiologic, Clinical and Immunological Consequences of Co-Infections during Canine Leishmaniosis

Unprecedented incidence of Trypanosoma cruzi infections in a cohort of dogs directly detected through longitudinal tracking at multi-dog kennels, Texas, USA

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