Fatal Measles Inclusion-Body Encephalitis in Adult with Untreated AIDS, France

Rodriguez, Christophe; Gouilh, Meriadeg Ar; Weiss, Nicolas; Ströer, Sébastian; Mokhtari, Karima; Seilhean, Danielle; Mathon, Bertrand; Démontant, Vanessa; N’Debi, Mélissa; Gricourt, Guillaume; Woerther, Paul‐Louis; Pawlotsky, Jean‐Michel; Stéfic, Karl; Marlet, Julien; Dequin, Pierre‐François; Guillon, Antoine; Pourcher, Valérie; Boutolleau, David; Vabret, Astrid; Burrel, Sonia

doi:10.3201/eid2609.200366

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In this case, SMg allowed the description of the first human case of fatal meningoencephalitis caused by APMV-1 (also called NDV) in a recipient of HSCT transplanted for combined immunodeficiency. As already observed in the case of encephalitis without associated meningitidis, CSF was negative suggesting compartmentalization of this type of infection [9,10]. The subsequent immunohistochemistry detection using specific antibodies confirmed the NDV ability to infect mammals and its potential pathogenicity.…”

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confidence: 74%

Fatal encephalitis caused by Newcastle disease virus in a child

et al. 2021

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supporting

confidence: 74%

Fatal encephalitis caused by Newcastle disease virus in a child

et al. 2021

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“…In conclusion, a wide variety of viral metagenomic pipelines with overall high sensitivity are currently used in the ESCV ENNGS participating clinical diagnostic laboratories. Detection of low abundance viral pathogens or mixed infections remains a challenge, implicating the need for standardization and validation of metagenomic analysis for clinical diagnostic use [44]. The algorithm for defining positive results and rejecting false positive results is critical and should be evaluated individually for every workflow, which includes genome extraction, library preparation, sequencer and bioinformatic pipeline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmark of thirteen bioinformatic pipelines for metagenomic virus diagnostics using datasets from clinical samples

Vries

Brown

Fischer

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Metagenomic sequencing is increasingly being used in clinical settings for difficult to diagnose cases. The performance of viral metagenomic protocols relies to a large extent on the bioinformatic analysis. In this study, the European Society for Clinical Virology (ESCV) Network on NGS (ENNGS) initiated a benchmark of metagenomic pipelines currently used in clinical virological laboratories. Methods Metagenomic datasets from 13 clinical samples from patients with encephalitis or viral respiratory infections characterized by PCR were selected. The datasets were analysed with 13 different pipelines currently used in virological diagnostic laboratories of participating ENNGS members. The pipelines and classification tools were: Centrifuge, DAMIAN, DIAMOND, DNASTAR, FEVIR, Genome Detective, Jovian, MetaMIC, MetaMix, One Codex, RIEMS, VirMet, and Taxonomer. Performance, characteristics, clinical use, and user-friendliness of these pipelines were analysed. Results Overall, viral pathogens with high loads were detected by all the evaluated metagenomic pipelines. In contrast, lower abundance pathogens and mixed infections were only detected by 3/13 pipelines, namely DNASTAR, FEVIR, and MetaMix. Overall sensitivity ranged from 80% (10/13) to 100% (13/13 datasets). Overall positive predictive value ranged from 71-100%. The majority of the pipelines classified sequences based on nucleotide similarity (8/13), only a minority used amino acid similarity, and 6 of the 13 pipelines assembled sequences de novo. No clear differences in performance were detected that correlated with these classification approaches. Read counts of target viruses varied between the pipelines over a range of 2-3 log, indicating differences in limit of detection. Conclusion A wide variety of viral metagenomic pipelines is currently used in the participating clinical diagnostic laboratories. Detection of low abundant viral pathogens and mixed infections remains a challenge, implicating the need for standardization and validation of metagenomic analysis for clinical diagnostic use. Future studies should address the selective effects due to the choice of different reference viral databases.

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“…Sometimes, the same virus can contribute to both. This is the case for the HIV (Rodriguez et al, 2020), measles morbillivirus (Murphy and Yunis, 1976), HHV-1 (Shu et al, 2015), and HHV-3, to name a few (Steiner et al, 2007;Kennedy and Cohrs, 2010). The high worldwide seroprevalence of some of these viruses, such as that of HHV-1 and HHV-2 being around 90% (Wald and Corey, 2007), indicates that facilitating factors must exist that ultimately decide upon disease development.…”

Section: Viral Infection Of the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high worldwide seroprevalence of some of these viruses, such as that of HHV-1 and HHV-2 being around 90% (Wald and Corey, 2007), indicates that facilitating factors must exist that ultimately decide upon disease development. In consideration are comorbidities such as traumas to latently infected neurons (Zhang et al, 2013), immune-depriving conditions such as AIDS (Rodriguez et al, 2020), leukemia (Koskenvuo et al, 2008;Lancman et al, 2020), or stroke-induced immunodepression (Deroux et al, 2012;Hetze et al, 2013;Romer et al, 2015;Bertrand et al, 2019), and cumulative infectious burden (Sico et al, 2015), and also environmental factors (Liu et al, 2013;Brutting et al, 2018;Mueller et al, 2018;Del Re and Giorgi, 2020). The role of aging as a facilitating factor and the interplay with ERVs are discussed in detail below.…”

Section: Viral Infection Of the Central Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses and Endogenous Retroviruses as Roots for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Römer

2021

Front. Neurosci.

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Many neurodegenerative diseases are associated with chronic inflammation in the brain and periphery giving rise to a continuous imbalance of immune processes. Next to inflammation markers, activation of transposable elements, including long intrespersed nuclear elements (LINE) elements and endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), has been identified during neurodegenerative disease progression and even correlated with the clinical severity of the disease. ERVs are remnants of viral infections in the human genome acquired during evolution. Upon activation, they produce transcripts and the phylogenetically youngest ones are still able to produce viral-like particles. In addition, ERVs can bind transcription factors and modulate immune response. Being between own and foreign, ERVs are reviewed in the context of viral infections of the central nervous system, in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, this review tests the hypothesis that viral infection may be a trigger at the onset of neuroinflammation and that ERVs sustain the inflammatory imbalance by summarizing existing data of neurodegenerative diseases associated with viruses and/or ERVs.

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Fatal Measles Inclusion-Body Encephalitis in Adult with Untreated AIDS, France

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Fatal encephalitis caused by Newcastle disease virus in a child

Fatal encephalitis caused by Newcastle disease virus in a child

Benchmark of thirteen bioinformatic pipelines for metagenomic virus diagnostics using datasets from clinical samples

Viruses and Endogenous Retroviruses as Roots for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases

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