Fatal Overdose Trends in Major us Cities: 1990–1997

Garfield, Jamie L.; Drucker, Ernest

doi:10.3109/16066350109141762

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, the incidence of drug overdose has been increasing in the United States since the 1990s [3][4][5]. History of non-fatal opioid overdose ranges from 41% [6] in Baltimore IDUs to 48% in San Francisco IDUs [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Distinguishing signs of opioid overdose and indication for naloxone: an evaluation of six overdose training and naloxone distribution programs in the United States

2008

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Aims-This study assessed overdose and naloxone administration knowledge among current or former opioid abusers trained and untrained in overdose-response in the United States.Design and participants-Ten individuals, divided equally between those trained or not trained in overdose recognition and response, were recruited from each of six sites (n = 62).Setting-US-based overdose training and naloxone distribution programs in Baltimore, San Francisco, Chicago, New York and New Mexico.Measurements-Participants completed a brief questionnaire on overdose knowledge that included the task of rating 16 putative overdose scenarios for: (i) whether an overdose was occurring and (ii) if naloxone was indicated. Bivariate and multivariable analyses compared results for those trained to untrained. Responses were also compared to those of 11 medical experts using weighted and unweighted kappa statistics.Findings-Respondents were primarily male (72.6%); 45.8% had experienced an overdose and 72% had ever witnessed an overdose. Trained participants recognized more opioid overdose scenarios accurately (t 60 = 3.76, P < 0.001) and instances where naloxone was indicated (t 59 = 2.2, P < 0.05) than did untrained participants. Receipt of training and higher perceived competency in recognizing signs of an opioid overdose were associated independently with higher overdose recognition scores. Trained respondents were as skilled as medical experts in recognizing opioid overdose situations (weighted kappa = 0.85) and when naloxone was indicated (kappa = 1.0). Conclusions-Resultssuggest that naloxone training programs in the United States improve participants' ability to recognize and respond to opioid overdoses in the community. Drug users with overdose training and confidence in their abilities to respond may effectively prevent overdose mortality.

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Distinguishing signs of opioid overdose and indication for naloxone: an evaluation of six overdose training and naloxone distribution programs in the United States

2008

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“…[4][5][6] Public drug use also plagues many inner city neighbourhoods, and the unsafe disposal of syringes in these settings is a major community concern. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] In over 2 dozen European cities and, more recently, in Sydney, Australia, medically supervised safer injecting facilities, where injection drug users (IDUs) can inject previously obtained illicit drugs under the supervision of medical staff, have been established in an effort to reduce the community and public health impacts of illicit drug use.…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in public order after the opening of a medically supervised safer injecting facility for illicit injection drug users

Wood

Kerr²,

Small³

et al. 2004

Canadian Medical Association Journal

226

181

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“…27 Most OD deaths occur in metropolitan areas; some cities report OD death rates 65% higher than the U.S. average. 22 OD deaths typically exhibit spatial clustering. 22 Davidson and colleagues, for instance, report that 47% of San Francisco opiaterelated OD deaths between 1997 and 2000 transpired in single-room occupancy hotels (SROs) and 36% materialized within a small central-city radius.…”

Section: Background and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 OD deaths typically exhibit spatial clustering. 22 Davidson and colleagues, for instance, report that 47% of San Francisco opiaterelated OD deaths between 1997 and 2000 transpired in single-room occupancy hotels (SROs) and 36% materialized within a small central-city radius. 31 Moreover, OD fatality is differentially distributed across population segments.…”

Section: Background and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,20 The nationwide incidence of opiate OD deaths has shown long-term escalation, growing by 56% between 1990 and 1997. 12,13,21,22 In some localities, OD death rates doubled over the same time period that death rates attributable to HIV and hepatitis C virus dropped. 13 OD-related morbidity and mortality have proved especially problematic in Chicago, the third largest city in the United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observed Patterns of Illicit Opiate Overdose Deaths in Chicago, 1999–2003

et al. 2007

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This article explores trends and correlates of Chicago_s opiate-related overdose (OD) deaths. We manually examined data from every death certificate filed between 1999 and 2003 to identify all Chicago residents_ accidental deaths involving acute intoxication with illicit opiates, OD, or opiate poisoning. The analysis includes an examination of contextual characteristics in 77 Chicago neighborhoods. Negative binomial regression analysis permits the calculation of incidence rate ratios (

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Fatal Overdose Trends in Major us Cities: 1990–1997

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Distinguishing signs of opioid overdose and indication for naloxone: an evaluation of six overdose training and naloxone distribution programs in the United States

Distinguishing signs of opioid overdose and indication for naloxone: an evaluation of six overdose training and naloxone distribution programs in the United States

Changes in public order after the opening of a medically supervised safer injecting facility for illicit injection drug users

Observed Patterns of Illicit Opiate Overdose Deaths in Chicago, 1999–2003

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